亚高山冷水花Pilea racemosa (Royle) Tuyama

科名：荨麻科 Urticaceae

属名：冷水花属 Pilea

《中国植物志》第23(2)卷132页
  64.亚高山冷水花（云南植物名录）图版29: 1-9
  Pilea racemosa (Royle) Tuyama in Hara, Fl. East. Himal. 61. 1966; Hara in Ohashi, l. c. 3rd. Rep. 25. 1975; C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 2 (3): 99. 1982; 中国高等植物图鉴, 补编1: 182, 图8450-1982; 西藏植物志1: 542, 图173 (5-7). 1983. Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1 (1): 114. 1983. ——Procris racemosa Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. t. 83. 1836, cum fig. analytic. ——p. wightii Wedd. var. ？roylei Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 555. 1888. ——P. subalpina Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Syn. 7: 142. Taf. 3, Abb. 4. 1929. ——p. peploides auct. non (Gaudich. ) Hook. et Arn. : Diels in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 147, 267. 1912.
  草本，无毛；块茎球状，灰白色, 径3-20毫米，从块茎上长出数条茎。茎肉质，2-15（-30）厘米，疏生钟乳体，常有分枝。叶形多变：卵形、椭圆形、菱形、倒卵形或近圆形，长0. 5-2厘米，宽0.3-1.2厘米，先端钝圆、锐尖或短渐尖，基部圆形或浅心形，稀宽楔形，边缘有数枚钝锯齿或不等的钝裂齿，或全缘，钟乳体条形，长0.3-0.4毫米，基出（稀离基出）3 (-5)脉，其侧出的二条近直伸，达近先端边缘处常消失，侧脉1-3对，不明显；叶柄长2-10毫米；托叶三角形，长约1毫米。雌雄同株或异株；花序头状，有时聚伞总状，常成对生于叶腋，雄花序梗长1-3.5厘米，雌花序梗长0.2-2厘米。雄花具梗，在芽时长约1.5毫米；花被片4，合生至中部，裂片先端有短尖头，外面近先端有短角突起；雄蕊4；退化雌蕊小，长圆形。雌花近无梗，长0.6毫米；花被片3，不等大，中间生的一枚最长，长圆形，近先端处有短角；退化雄蕊小，长圆形。瘦果狭卵形至长圆状卵形，微扁，长约0.8毫米，光滑，有时疏布条形钟乳体。花期5-6月，果期7-9月。
  产于西藏南部、四川康定以西和云南西北部。生于林下潮湿长苔藓的腐殖质土或石上，有时生屋旁墙上，海拔2 200-5 400米。尼泊尔、锡金、不丹和印度北部有分布。
  本种生长于中山至高山地带，形态变异颇大，随着海拔的升高，其变异趋势是：植株由高大渐变矮小，分枝多至不分枝；叶边缘具裂齿、钝锯齿至全缘；花序梗逐渐变短，分枝多至不分枝。但本种具球状块茎、花序头状、瘦果长圆形等稳定的性状，可以同其他种区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Pilea racemosa  (Royle) Tuyama
亚高山冷水花   ya gao shan leng shui hua
Procris racemosa Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. t. 83, f. 1. 1836; Pilea subalpina Handel-Mazzetti; P. wightii Weddell var. roylei J. D. Hooker.
Herbs perennial, weak, glabrous, monoecious or dioecious. Tuber whitish gray, globose, 3-20 mm in diam. Stems often branched, 2-15(-30) cm tall, succulent. Stipules persistent, triangular, ca. 1 mm, membranous; petiole subequal in length, 0.2-1 cm; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, ovate, elliptic, rhombic, obovate, or suborbicular, subequal in size, 0.5-2 × 0.3-1.2 cm, succulent, herbaceous, 3(-5)-veined, rarely triplinerved, lateral veins 1-3 each side, inconspicuous, cystoliths fusiform, conspicuous on both surfaces, base rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate, margin bluntly 1-5-serrate each side or entire, apex subacute or obtuse. Inflorescences in pairs, male a capitulum or racemelike-cyme, 1-3.5 cm; female peduncle 0.2-2 cm. Male flowers pedicellate, in bud ca. 1.5 mm; perianth lobes 4, obovate-oblong, connate 1/2 of length, subapically corniculate, stamens 4; rudimentary ovary oblong. Female perianth lobes unequal, subapically corniculate. Achene narrowly ovoid or oblong-ovoid, ca. 0.8 mm, slightly compressed, smooth, enclosed by persistent perianth lobes. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep.
Tsuga or Picea forests, semishaded moist places, often on mossy rocks, sometimes on walls by villages; 2200-5400 m. W Sichuan, S Xizang, NW Yunnan, [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim].
This species shows great variability in stem branching, leaf shape, leaf margin, and peduncle length. Plants found at higher elevations are shorter, often unbranched, have a less serrate leaf margin, and a shorter peduncle. This species is distinct in always having a globose tuber, capitate inflorescences, and a narrow, smooth achene.