透茎冷水花Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray

别名：Canadian clearweed;蒙古冷水花;荫地冷水花;透镜冷水花;直苧麻;透茎冷水麻;水荨麻;讷布特日海-哈拉嘎海;肥肉草;直苎麻;青美豆;美豆;透茎冷冰花;阴地冷水花;

科名：荨麻科 Urticaceae

属名：冷水花属 Pilea

《中国植物志》第23(2)卷134页
  66.透茎冷水花（东北草本植物志）肥肉草（广东）图版29: 10-14
  Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray, Man. Bot. North. Un. St. ed. 1. 437. 1848; Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. 273, t. 6, fig. 14-15. 1856, et in DC. Prodr. 16 (1): 159. 1869; Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (4): 52. 1856; Hance in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10: 86. 1872; Maxim. in Bull. Acad: Sci. St. Petersb. 22: 243. 1876, et in Mel. Biol. 9: 631. 1877., C. H. Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 477. 1899; Pritz. in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 302. 1900; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 2: 99. 1903; Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 435. 1914; J. C. Liu in Bull. Pek. Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 84. 1928; C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 2 (3): 101. 1982; 安徽植物志2: 119, 图385. 1986; 贵州植物志4: 36. 1989. ——Urtica pumila L. Sp. Pl. 984. 1753. ——P. mongolica Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16 (1): 135. 1869; Franch. pl. David. 1: 271. 1884; C. H. Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 476. 1899; Kom. Fl. Mansh. 2: 99. 1903; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 124. 1929; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 172. 1939; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 437. 1953; 东北草本植物志2: 10, 图9. 1959; 江苏南部种子植物手册227, 图352. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 510, 图1020. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 110, 图93. 1974; 湖北植物志1: 165, 图211, 1976; 云南种子植物名录, 上册733-1984. ——P. viridissima Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 87. 1909; A. Jarmolenko in Kom. Fl. URSS 5: 397. 1936. ——Acalyha brachystachya auct. non Hornem. : Maxim Prim. Fl. Amur. 477 (Fl. Pek.). 1859. ——P. hamaoi auct. non Makino: Hand.-Mazz. 1. c. 125, p. p. ; 徐炳声于黄山植物的研究110-1965; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 110. 1974, excl. pl. Jilin.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Pilea pumila  (Linnaeus) A. Gray
透茎冷水花   tou jing leng shui hua
Herbs annual, subglabrous, monoecious. Stems erect, simple or branched, 5-50 cm tall, succulent. Stipules soon deciduous, ovate-oblong, 2-3 mm, membranous; petiole subequal in length, 0.4-4.5 cm, sparsely puberulent adaxially; leaf blade spreading, rhombic-ovate or broadly ovate, subequal in size, 1-9 × 0.6-5 cm, membranous, 3-veined, lateral veins several, distal ones anastomosing, others inconspicuous, both surfaces sparsely pilose, cystoliths linear, base often broadly cuneate, or proximal ones obtuse, margin dentate-serrate, apex shortly acuminate, caudate, or acute; proximal leaf pair often entire. Inflorescences often androgynous, solitary, from almost every node, male a scorpioid cyme, shorter, in the lower nodes, subsessile, many flowered; female inflorescence larger, in upper nodes, in fruit enlarged, but often shorter than petioles. Male flower pedicellate or sessile, in bud obovoid, ca. 1.8 mm; perianth lobes 2(-4), cymbiform, connate at base, subapically corniculate; stamens 2(-4); rudimentary ovary inconspicuous. Female perianth lobes free, subequal or lateral ones slightly larger, all oblong-cymbiform, as long as achene in fruit. Achene often with brownish dots, triangular-ovoid, 1.2-1.8 mm, compressed, smooth. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Nov.
Moist places in forests, ravines, by rice fields, walls by villages; 300-2200(-2900) m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia); North America].
Populations of this species from E Asia were described as Pilea mongolica. The authors have examined material of this species, including plants from Asia and North America, and found the specimens were consistently characterized by the scorpioid cyme, 2(–4)-merous male flowers, and triangular-ovoid achene. There is no reason to separate populations from E Asia as a separate species. However, three varieties are recognized here.

The plants are used medicinally as a diuretic.

《全国中草药汇编》:透茎冷水花

【别名】 美豆、直苎麻
【来源】 荨麻科透茎冷水花Pilea mongolica Wedd.，以根、茎入药。
【生境分布】 东北、内蒙古至华南。
【性味】 甘，寒。
【功能主治】 利尿解热，安胎。主治糖尿病，孕妇胎动，先兆流产。
叶：为止血剂，治创伤出血，瘀血。
根、叶：并治急性肾炎，尿道炎，出血，子宫脱垂，子宫内膜炎，赤白带下。
【用法用量】 1.5～3钱。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》