小柴胡Bupleurum tenue Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don

别名：竹叶柴胡;滇银柴胡;金柴胡;小叶柴胡;

科名：伞形科 Umbelliferae

属名：柴胡属 Bupleurum

《中国植物志》第55(1)卷281页
  32．小柴胡（四川中药志）金柴胡（四川凉山雷波县）、芫荽柴胡（四川甘洛县、会东县）、竹叶柴胡（四川南川县）、滇银柴胡（云南）图版153
  Bupleurum tenue Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 182. 1825; DC. Prodr. 4: 128. 1830; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 677. 1879; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 493. 1900; Boiss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 53: 424. 1906, et Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 297, 1915; Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. 43 (IV. 228): 145. 1910; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 713. 1933; Metcalf in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 15: 518. 1934; Shan in Sinensia 11: 146. 1940; Hiroe, Umbell. Asia 89 1958; 中国医学科学院, 中药志1: 371. 1959, 四川中医中药研究所, 四川中药志 11: 1179. 1959; 单人骅、李颖, 植物分类学报12 (3): 291. 1974. ——B. flexuosum Wall. cat. n, 544. 1828.
  二年生草本，高20-80厘米。根细瘦，木质化，淡土黄色，入土很浅。茎基部近木质化，带紫褐色，下部往往大量分枝成丛生状，很少单生，分枝细而质坚，斜开展开，再分生小枝。叶小，长圆状披针形或线形，长3-8厘米，宽4-8毫米，顶端钝或圆，有小突尖头，基部略收缩抱茎，无柄，7-9脉，沿小脉边缘和末端均有棕黄色的油脂积聚；分枝上的叶更短小些，形状相似。伞形花序小而多；花序梗细长，长2-3.5厘米，有棱角；伞辐2-5，线形，不等长，6-13毫米，挺直，结果时稍延长；总苞片2-4，披针形或长椭圆形，不等大，长3-6毫米，宽1-2毫米，顶端锐尖，基部渐狭，5-7脉，支脉末端也有棕黄色的油脂凝集；小总苞片5，披针形或椭圆形，同大，草质，长3-4毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，顶端渐尖，有小突尖头，3脉，长略超过小伞形花序或与之等长；小伞形花序多数，直径1-1.3毫米，花3-5，花柄长0.5-1.5毫米；花瓣近圆形，上端内折，小舌片近长方形，每小伞形花序通常有发育果3，其余多不发育。果广卵圆形或椭圆形，长2.5毫米，宽1.5毫米，棕色，棱粗而显著，淡黄色；分生果横切面五角形，棱呈三角形；每棱槽油管1，合生面2；胚乳腹面平坦。花果期9-10月。
  产湖北、广西、、四川、贵州、云南等省区。多生长在向阳山坡草丛中，或干燥沙地瘠土中，海拔600-2900米，以1500米以上为多。分布于印度，尼泊尔等地。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Bupleurum hamiltonii  N. P. Balakrishnan
小柴胡   xiao chai hu
Herbs 10–100 cm, annual, or short-lived perennial. Root grayish-yellow, thin, woody, branched. Stem tinged purple, much branched throughout, branches slender, ascending, base without fibrous remnant sheaths. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate or linear, 3–8 × 0.4–0.8 cm, 7–9-nerved, base slightly narrow, sometimes punctate with oil glands along veins and margin. Inflorescence profusely branched, umbels numerous, small, 1–2 cm across, lax; bracts 2–4, lanceolate or elliptic, 3–6 × 1–2 mm, unequal, 5–7-nerved; rays 2–5(–7), 0.5–2 cm, unequal, very slender; bracteoles 5, lanceolate or elliptic, 3–4 × 1–1.5 mm, equal, 3-nerved, apex apiculate, equaling or slightly longer than flowers; umbellules 1–1.3 mm across, 5–11-flowered; pedicels 0.5–1.5 mm. Petals yellow-green, suborbicular, midvein dark. Stylopodium low-conic, dark yellow. Fruit broad-ovoid or ellipsoid, brown, 2–2.5 × ca. 1.5 mm; ribs pale yellow, prominent; vittae 1 in each furrow, 2 on commissure. Fl. and fr. Sep–Oct.
Forest margins, mountain slopes, grasslands, sunny slopes, shady wet places, dry stony areas; 600–2900 m. Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Kashmir, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].
All three varieties have reputed medicinal value.