北柴胡Bupleurum chinense DC.

别名：柴胡;竹叶柴胡;宝日车-额布苏;大柴胡;狗头柴胡;韭叶柴胡;蚂蚱腿;苗柴胡;蛇叶柴胡;铁苗柴胡;土柴胡;硬（苗）柴胡;硬柴胡;硬苗柴胡;蚱蚂腿;竹叶茶;竹叶紫胡;

科名：伞形科 Umbelliferae

属名：柴胡属 Bupleurum

《中国植物志》第55(1)卷290页
  36. 北柴胡（中药志）竹叶柴胡（植物名实图考）、硬苗柴胡（东北药用植物图志）、韭叶柴胡（安徽）图版157
  Bupleurum chinense DC. Prodr. 4: 128. 1930; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 335. 1939, et in Journ. Jap. Bot. 21: 98. 1947; 肖培根等, 东北植物药图志145. 图82. 1959; 中国医学科学院, 中药志 1: 366. 1959; 刘慎谔等, 东北药用植物志139. 1959; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表252. 1959; 单人骅、李颖, 植物分类学报12 (3): 293. 1974; 辽宁省林业土壤研究所, 东北草本植物志6: 198. 1977. ——B. falcatum subsp. eufalcatum Wolff var. scorxorcerifolium (Willd.) Wolff.ensifolium Wolff in Engl. Pflanzenr. 43 (IV. 228): 132. 1910; Shan in Sinensia 11: 144. 1940. ——B. falcatum Shan in Sinensia 11: 143. 1940, non L.
  多年生草本，高50-85厘米。主根较粗大，棕褐色，质坚硬。茎单一或数茎，表面有细纵槽纹，实心，上部多回分枝，微作之字形曲折。基生叶倒披针形或狭椭圆形，长4-7厘米，宽6-8毫米，顶端渐尖，基部收缩成柄，早枯落；茎中部叶倒披针形或广线状披针形，长4-12厘米，宽6-18毫米，有时达3厘米，顶端渐尖或急尖，有短芒尖头，基部收缩成叶鞘抱茎，脉7-9，叶表面鲜绿色，背面淡绿色，常有白霜；茎顶部叶同形，但更小。复伞形花序很多，花序梗细，常水平伸出，形成疏松的圆锥状；总苞片2-3，或无，甚小，狭披针形，长1-5毫米，宽0.5-1毫米，3脉，很少1或5脉；伞辐3-8，纤细，不等长，长1-3厘米；小总苞片5，披针形，长3-3.5毫米，宽0.6-1毫米，顶端尖锐，3脉，向叶背凸出；小伞直径4-6毫米，花5-10；花柄长1毫米；花直径1.2-1.8毫米；花瓣鲜黄色，上部向内折，中肋隆起，小舌片矩圆形，顶端2浅裂；花柱基深黄色，宽于子房。果广椭圆形，棕色，两侧略扁，长约3毫米，宽约2毫米，棱狭翼状，淡棕色，每棱槽油管3，很少4，合生面4条。花期9月，果期10月。
  产我国东北、华北、西北、华东和华中各地。生长于向阳山坡路边、岸旁或草丛中。
  本种分布广泛，中药材上称为北柴胡的多为本种及其三个变型，医药上应用很广泛。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 14 (2005)
Bupleurum chinense  de Candolle
北柴胡   bei chai hu
Plants 50–85 cm, perennial. Root stout, elongate, brown, woody, usually branched. Stem solitary or several, dichotomously much-branched above, base without fibrous remnant sheaths. Basal leaves oblanceolate or narrow-elliptic, 4–7 × 0.6–0.8 cm, base tapering into petioles, apex acuminate. Middle leaves broadly linear-lanceolate, 4–12 × 0.6–1.8(–3) cm, 7–9-nerved, abaxially glaucous, apex apiculate. Apical leaves small. Umbels numerous, 2–6 cm across; peduncles slender, greatly spreading forming a large loose panicle; bracts 0 or 2–3, linear, 1–5 × 0.5–1 mm, 3-nerved; rays 3–8, very slender, 1–3 cm, unequal; bracteoles 5, lanceolate, 3–3.5 × 0.6–1 mm, shorter than flowers; umbellules 4–6 mm across, 5–10-flowered. Petal bright yellow. Stylopodium low-conic, discoid, dark yellow. Fruit oblong, brown, ca. 3 × 2 mm; ribs prominent, narrowly winged, wings pale brown; vittae 3(–4) in each furrow, 4 on commissure. Fl. and fr. Sep–Oct. n = 6*.
Grasslands, stream banks, sunny slopes, roadsides; 100–2700 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang.
This Bupleurum is one of two primary species the roots of which are used for the major traditional Chinese medicine “chai hu” (see also B. scorzonerifolium). It is a very widespread species, within which three forms are currently recognized: f. pekinense (Franchet ex Hemsley) R. H. Shan & Yin Li (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 293. 1974; B. pekinense Franchet ex Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 327. 1887), distinguished by having leaves rigid, papery, both surfaces gray-green; f. chiliosciadium (H. Wolff) R. H. Shan & Yin Li (loc. cit.; B. falcatum Linnaeus var. chiliosciadium H. Wolff, Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 303. 1926), distinguished by having peduncles much-branched and umbellules numerous, small; and f. octoradiatum (Bunge) R. H. Shan & M. L. Sheh (Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 55(1): 293. 1979; B. octoradiatum Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 106. 1835), distinguished by having branches non-flexuous, bracteoles elliptic-lanceolate, usually exceeding umbellules in flower and longer than pedicels in fruit, and chromosome number n = 6 + 1 - 2B*.