牛茄子Solanum surattense Burm. F.
牛茄子Solanum surattense Burm. F.
28．牛茄子（海南琼山）颠茄（海南）；番鬼茄（广东连山）；大颠茄（广东宝安、九龙）；癫茄（广东郁南）；颠茄子（广东大埔）；油辣果（贵州）图版27：3-5
Solanum surattense Burm. f. , Fl. Ind. 57. 1768; Sasaki, Cat. Governm. Herb. 451. 1930. ——S. aculeatissimum Jacq., Collect. 1: 100. 1786, et Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: f. 41. 1781-6; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 163. 1927, et in Contr. Arn. Arb. 8: 149. 1934; Chun in Sunyatsenia 1(2-3): 183. 1933; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 16: 314. 1935; Masamune, Fl. Kainant. 294. 1943. ——S. ciliatum Lam. , Illustr. 2: 21. 1793. ——S. bodinieri Levl. et Vant. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 206. 1908.——S. cavaleriei Levl. et Vant. 1. c. 207. 1908.
直立草本至亚灌木，高30-60厘米，也有高达1米的，植物体除茎、枝外各部均被具节的纤毛，茎及小枝具淡黄色细直刺，通常无毛或稀被极稀疏的纤毛，细直刺长约1-5毫米或更长，纤毛长约3-5毫米。叶阔卵形，长5-10.5厘米，宽4-12厘米，先端短尖至渐尖，基部心形，5-7浅裂或半裂，裂片三角形或卵形，边缘浅波状；上面深绿色，被稀疏纤毛；下面淡绿色，无毛或纤毛在脉上分布稀疏，在边缘则较密；侧脉与裂片数相等，在上面平，在下面凸出，分布于每裂片的中部，脉上均具直刺；叶柄粗壮，长2-5厘米，微具纤毛及较长大的直刺。聚伞花序腋外生，短而少花，长不超过2厘米，单生或多至4朵，花梗纤细被直刺及纤毛；萼杯状，长约5毫米，直径约8毫米，外面具细直刺及纤毛，先端5裂，裂片卵形；花冠白色，筒部隐于萼内，长约2.5毫米，冠檐5裂，裂片披针形，长约1.1厘米，宽约4毫米，端尖；花丝长约2.5毫米，药长为花丝长度的2.4倍，顶端延长，顶孔向上。子房球形，无毛，花柱长于花药而短于花冠裂片，无毛，柱头头状。浆果扁球状，直径约3.5厘米，初绿白色，成熟后橙红色，果柄长2-2.5厘米，具细直刺；种子干后扁而薄，边缘翅状，直径约4毫米。
分布于云南、四川、贵州、广西、湖南、广东、海南、江西、福建、台湾、江苏、河南（栽、培）、辽宁（栽培）等省。喜生于路旁荒地、疏林或灌木丛中，海拔350-1180米。国外广泛分布于热带地区。
果有毒，不可食，但色彩鲜艳，可供观赏。据Manske et Holmes含有龙葵碱，可作药用。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Solanum capsicoides Allioni
牛茄子 niu qie zi
Solanum bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; S. ciliatum Lamarck.
Herbs or subshrubs, erect or sprawling, 30-60(-100) cm tall, copiously armed with pale yellow, needlelike prickles, pubescent with coarse, many-celled simple hairs. Stems conspicuously white lenticellate, glabrescent to pilose; prickles straight to slightly recurved, 0.5-1.8 cm. Leaves paired; petiole stout, 2-7 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, 5-13 × 4-12 cm, with many-celled simple hairs adaxially, glabrous or hairy only along veins abaxially, prickly along veins on both surfaces, base cordate, margin 5-7-lobed to halfway, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences extra-axillary, racemose, 1-4-flowered; peduncle unbranched. Pedicel 5-12 mm. Calyx cup-shaped, ca. 5 × 8 mm; lobes ovate, pubescent as on stems. Corolla white, greenish at base; lobes lanceolate, ca. 12 × 4 mm. Filaments 2.5 mm; anthers lanceolate, ca. 6 mm. Ovary minutely stipitate glandular. Style 7-8 mm. Fruiting pedicel 2-2.5 cm. Fruiting calyx copiously armed, somewhat enlarged, not covering fruit. Berry orange-red, subglobose, 3.5-6 cm in diam., mesocarp white, spongy. Seeds yellowish, discoid, with a conspicuous, thin orbicular wing, 4-6 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Wastelands, near roadsides, open forests, thickets; 200-1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, also cultivated in Henan and Liaoning [native to Brazil; now a widespread weed of warm regions]
Sometimes cultivated for its bright, ornamental fruits that are poisonous.
别名：cockroach berry;刺金瓜;刺茄子;癫茄;刺茄;颠茄;
科名：茄科 Solanaceae
属名：茄属 Solanum
28．牛茄子（海南琼山）颠茄（海南）；番鬼茄（广东连山）；大颠茄（广东宝安、九龙）；癫茄（广东郁南）；颠茄子（广东大埔）；油辣果（贵州）图版27：3-5
Solanum surattense Burm. f. , Fl. Ind. 57. 1768; Sasaki, Cat. Governm. Herb. 451. 1930. ——S. aculeatissimum Jacq., Collect. 1: 100. 1786, et Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: f. 41. 1781-6; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 163. 1927, et in Contr. Arn. Arb. 8: 149. 1934; Chun in Sunyatsenia 1(2-3): 183. 1933; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 16: 314. 1935; Masamune, Fl. Kainant. 294. 1943. ——S. ciliatum Lam. , Illustr. 2: 21. 1793. ——S. bodinieri Levl. et Vant. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 206. 1908.——S. cavaleriei Levl. et Vant. 1. c. 207. 1908.
直立草本至亚灌木，高30-60厘米，也有高达1米的，植物体除茎、枝外各部均被具节的纤毛，茎及小枝具淡黄色细直刺，通常无毛或稀被极稀疏的纤毛，细直刺长约1-5毫米或更长，纤毛长约3-5毫米。叶阔卵形，长5-10.5厘米，宽4-12厘米，先端短尖至渐尖，基部心形，5-7浅裂或半裂，裂片三角形或卵形，边缘浅波状；上面深绿色，被稀疏纤毛；下面淡绿色，无毛或纤毛在脉上分布稀疏，在边缘则较密；侧脉与裂片数相等，在上面平，在下面凸出，分布于每裂片的中部，脉上均具直刺；叶柄粗壮，长2-5厘米，微具纤毛及较长大的直刺。聚伞花序腋外生，短而少花，长不超过2厘米，单生或多至4朵，花梗纤细被直刺及纤毛；萼杯状，长约5毫米，直径约8毫米，外面具细直刺及纤毛，先端5裂，裂片卵形；花冠白色，筒部隐于萼内，长约2.5毫米，冠檐5裂，裂片披针形，长约1.1厘米，宽约4毫米，端尖；花丝长约2.5毫米，药长为花丝长度的2.4倍，顶端延长，顶孔向上。子房球形，无毛，花柱长于花药而短于花冠裂片，无毛，柱头头状。浆果扁球状，直径约3.5厘米，初绿白色，成熟后橙红色，果柄长2-2.5厘米，具细直刺；种子干后扁而薄，边缘翅状，直径约4毫米。
分布于云南、四川、贵州、广西、湖南、广东、海南、江西、福建、台湾、江苏、河南（栽、培）、辽宁（栽培）等省。喜生于路旁荒地、疏林或灌木丛中，海拔350-1180米。国外广泛分布于热带地区。
果有毒，不可食，但色彩鲜艳，可供观赏。据Manske et Holmes含有龙葵碱，可作药用。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Solanum capsicoides Allioni
牛茄子 niu qie zi
Solanum bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot; S. ciliatum Lamarck.
Herbs or subshrubs, erect or sprawling, 30-60(-100) cm tall, copiously armed with pale yellow, needlelike prickles, pubescent with coarse, many-celled simple hairs. Stems conspicuously white lenticellate, glabrescent to pilose; prickles straight to slightly recurved, 0.5-1.8 cm. Leaves paired; petiole stout, 2-7 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, 5-13 × 4-12 cm, with many-celled simple hairs adaxially, glabrous or hairy only along veins abaxially, prickly along veins on both surfaces, base cordate, margin 5-7-lobed to halfway, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences extra-axillary, racemose, 1-4-flowered; peduncle unbranched. Pedicel 5-12 mm. Calyx cup-shaped, ca. 5 × 8 mm; lobes ovate, pubescent as on stems. Corolla white, greenish at base; lobes lanceolate, ca. 12 × 4 mm. Filaments 2.5 mm; anthers lanceolate, ca. 6 mm. Ovary minutely stipitate glandular. Style 7-8 mm. Fruiting pedicel 2-2.5 cm. Fruiting calyx copiously armed, somewhat enlarged, not covering fruit. Berry orange-red, subglobose, 3.5-6 cm in diam., mesocarp white, spongy. Seeds yellowish, discoid, with a conspicuous, thin orbicular wing, 4-6 mm in diam. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
Wastelands, near roadsides, open forests, thickets; 200-1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, also cultivated in Henan and Liaoning [native to Brazil; now a widespread weed of warm regions]
Sometimes cultivated for its bright, ornamental fruits that are poisonous.
