麻梨Pyrus serrulata Rehd.
麻梨Pyrus serrulata Rehd.
4. 麻梨 麻梨子、黄皮梨（四川土名）
Pyrus serrulata Rehd. in Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 50: 234. 1915 & in Journ. Arn. Arb. 2: 60. 1920; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学412, 1937; 俞德浚等, 华北的梨12. 1958; Steward, Man. Vasc. Pl. Lower Yangtze Valley 173. f. 165. 1958; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 231. 图2191. 1972.
乔木，高达8-10米；小枝圆柱形，微带稜角，在幼嫩时具褐色绒毛，以后脱落无毛，二年生枝紫褐色，具稀疏白色皮孔；冬芽肥大，卵形，先端急尖，鳞片内面具有黄褐色绒毛。叶片卵形至长卵形，长5-11厘米，宽3.5-7.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形或圆形，边缘有细锐锯齿，齿尖常向内合拢，下面在幼嫩时被褐色绒毛，以后脱落，侧脉7-13对，网脉显明；叶柄长3.5-7.5厘米，嫩时有褐色绒毛，不久脱落；托叶膜质，线状披针形，先端渐尖，内面有褐色绒毛，早落。伞形总状花序，有花6-11朵，花梗长3-5厘米，总花梗和花梗均被褐色绵毛，逐渐脱落；苞片膜质，线状披针形，长5-10毫米，先端渐尖，边缘有腺齿，内面具褐色绵毛；花直径2-3厘米；萼筒外面有稀疏绒毛；萼片三角卵形，长约3毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，边缘具有腺齿，外面具有稀疏绒毛，内面密生绒毛；花瓣宽卵形，长10-12厘米，先端圆钝，基部具有短爪，白色；雄蕊20，约短于花瓣之半；花柱3，稀4，和雄蕊近等长，基部具稀疏柔毛。果实近球形或倒卵形，长1.5-2.2厘米，深褐色，有浅褐色果点，3-4室，萼片宿存，或有时部分脱落，果梗长3-4厘米。花期4月，果期6-8月。
产湖北、湖南、江西、浙江、四川、广东、广西。生灌木丛中或林边，海拔100-1500米。模式标本采自湖北兴山。
本种与沙梨 P. pyrifolia (Brum. f.) Nakai 颇为相似，但后者的特点为叶形较大，具有刺芒锯齿，花形较大，常具5花柱，萼片具长渐尖头，果形一般也较大，浅褐色，易于区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Pyrus serrulata Rehder
麻梨 ma li
Trees to 8–10 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old, terete, brown tomentose when young, glabrous when old, sparsely white lenticellate; buds ovoid, apex acute; scales adaxially tawny tomentose. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, adaxially brown tomentose, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 3.5–7.5 cm, brown tomentose when young, soon glabrescent; leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, lateral veins 7–13 pairs, abaxially brown tomentose when young, soon glabrescent, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Raceme umbel-like, 6–11-flowered; peduncle brown tomentose, soon glabrescent; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, 5–10 mm, membranous, adaxially brown lanate, margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 3–5 cm, brown tomentose, soon glabrescent. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Hypanthium sparsely tomentose abaxially. Sepals persistent or caducous, triangular-ovate, ca. 3 mm, abaxially sparsely tomentose, adaxially tomentose, margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate or acute. Petals white, broadly ovate, 1–1.2 cm, shortly clawed at base, apex rounded. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 3(or 4)-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3(or 4), ca. as long as stamens, sparsely pubescent basally. Pome dark brown, subglobose or obovoid, 1.5–2.2 cm in diam., 3- or 4-loculed; with persistent sepals or sometimes a few caducous; fruiting pedicel 3–4 cm, subglabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 34*.
Among shrubs, forest margins, thickets; 100--1600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
This species is similar to Pyrus pyrifolia, which differs by its spinulose-serrate leaves, larger, 5-styled flowers, long acuminate sepals, and larger, brownish fruit.
别名：山樱花;小沙梨;棠梨子;杜梨;麻棠梨;黑刺丁子;酸梨;黄皮梨;梨;麻梨子;棠梨;
科名：蔷薇科 Rosaceae
属名：梨属 Pyrus
4. 麻梨 麻梨子、黄皮梨（四川土名）
Pyrus serrulata Rehd. in Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 50: 234. 1915 & in Journ. Arn. Arb. 2: 60. 1920; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学412, 1937; 俞德浚等, 华北的梨12. 1958; Steward, Man. Vasc. Pl. Lower Yangtze Valley 173. f. 165. 1958; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 231. 图2191. 1972.
乔木，高达8-10米；小枝圆柱形，微带稜角，在幼嫩时具褐色绒毛，以后脱落无毛，二年生枝紫褐色，具稀疏白色皮孔；冬芽肥大，卵形，先端急尖，鳞片内面具有黄褐色绒毛。叶片卵形至长卵形，长5-11厘米，宽3.5-7.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形或圆形，边缘有细锐锯齿，齿尖常向内合拢，下面在幼嫩时被褐色绒毛，以后脱落，侧脉7-13对，网脉显明；叶柄长3.5-7.5厘米，嫩时有褐色绒毛，不久脱落；托叶膜质，线状披针形，先端渐尖，内面有褐色绒毛，早落。伞形总状花序，有花6-11朵，花梗长3-5厘米，总花梗和花梗均被褐色绵毛，逐渐脱落；苞片膜质，线状披针形，长5-10毫米，先端渐尖，边缘有腺齿，内面具褐色绵毛；花直径2-3厘米；萼筒外面有稀疏绒毛；萼片三角卵形，长约3毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，边缘具有腺齿，外面具有稀疏绒毛，内面密生绒毛；花瓣宽卵形，长10-12厘米，先端圆钝，基部具有短爪，白色；雄蕊20，约短于花瓣之半；花柱3，稀4，和雄蕊近等长，基部具稀疏柔毛。果实近球形或倒卵形，长1.5-2.2厘米，深褐色，有浅褐色果点，3-4室，萼片宿存，或有时部分脱落，果梗长3-4厘米。花期4月，果期6-8月。
产湖北、湖南、江西、浙江、四川、广东、广西。生灌木丛中或林边，海拔100-1500米。模式标本采自湖北兴山。
本种与沙梨 P. pyrifolia (Brum. f.) Nakai 颇为相似，但后者的特点为叶形较大，具有刺芒锯齿，花形较大，常具5花柱，萼片具长渐尖头，果形一般也较大，浅褐色，易于区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Pyrus serrulata Rehder
麻梨 ma li
Trees to 8–10 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when old, terete, brown tomentose when young, glabrous when old, sparsely white lenticellate; buds ovoid, apex acute; scales adaxially tawny tomentose. Stipules caducous, linear-lanceolate, membranous, adaxially brown tomentose, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, apex acuminate; petiole 3.5–7.5 cm, brown tomentose when young, soon glabrescent; leaf blade ovate or narrowly ovate, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, lateral veins 7–13 pairs, abaxially brown tomentose when young, soon glabrescent, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin serrulate, apex acuminate. Raceme umbel-like, 6–11-flowered; peduncle brown tomentose, soon glabrescent; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, 5–10 mm, membranous, adaxially brown lanate, margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate. Pedicel 3–5 cm, brown tomentose, soon glabrescent. Flowers 2–3 cm in diam. Hypanthium sparsely tomentose abaxially. Sepals persistent or caducous, triangular-ovate, ca. 3 mm, abaxially sparsely tomentose, adaxially tomentose, margin glandular denticulate, apex acuminate or acute. Petals white, broadly ovate, 1–1.2 cm, shortly clawed at base, apex rounded. Stamens 20, ca. 1/2 as long as petals. Ovary 3(or 4)-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 3(or 4), ca. as long as stamens, sparsely pubescent basally. Pome dark brown, subglobose or obovoid, 1.5–2.2 cm in diam., 3- or 4-loculed; with persistent sepals or sometimes a few caducous; fruiting pedicel 3–4 cm, subglabrous. Fl. Apr, fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 34*.
Among shrubs, forest margins, thickets; 100--1600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
This species is similar to Pyrus pyrifolia, which differs by its spinulose-serrate leaves, larger, 5-styled flowers, long acuminate sepals, and larger, brownish fruit.
