桃Amygdalus persica Linn.

别名：狗屎桃;桃树;毛桃;白桃;离核毛桃皮;野桃;普通桃;桃子;

科名：蔷薇科 Rosaceae

属名：桃属 Amygdalus

《中国植物志》第38卷017页
  7. 桃（诗经）陶古日（蒙语）
  Amygdalus persica L. Sp. Pl. 677. 1753; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 2. 2: 500: 1832; 俞德浚, 中国果树分类学28. 1979. ——Persica vulgaris Mill. Gard. Dict. abridg. ed. 8. 465. 1768; Kost. in Kom. Fl. URSS 10; 601. 1941; 东北木本植物图志319. 图版110. 图234. 1955. ——Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, Beytr. Entw. Pragm. Gesch. Natur. 1: 30. 1801: Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2:313. 1878; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7:534. 1933;中国高等植物图鉴2: 304. 图2338.1972; 内蒙古植物志3: 123. 图版63. 图5-6. 1977.——Prunus persica (L.) Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 101. 1812: Koehne in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 1: 273. 1913; Card. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. lndo-Chine 2: 629. 1920.
形态特征：落叶小乔木，高4-8米。树皮暗红色紫色，皮孔横裂。单叶互生，在短枝上密集而呈簇生状，卵状披针形或长圆状披针形，长8-12厘米，宽3-4厘米，边缘具细密锯齿，两面无毛或下面脉腋间有髯毛；叶柄长1-2厘米，无毛，有腺点。花单生，先叶开放，近无梗，直径2.5-3.5悲哀；托叶线形，宿存；花萼钟状，5裂，被短柔毛；花瓣5，粉红色，倒卵形或长圆状卵形；雄蕊多数，离生，短于花瓣；子房上位，心皮1，稀2，有行。核果卵球形，直径5-7厘米，有沟和绒毛，果肉肥厚，多汁，离核或粘核，不开裂；核坚木质，具网状凹纹。种子扁卵状心形，长约1厘米，浅棕色。花期4-5月，果期6-8月。
分    布：各地
生    境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：种子，桃叶，桃胶
药用功能：镇咳祛痰、高血压、子宫水肿
药用主治：闭经、痛经、产后瘀血、血燥便秘、跌打损伤

《Flora of China》 Vol. 9 (2003)
Amygdalus persica  Linnaeus
桃   tao
Amygdalus persica [unranked] aganonucipersica Schübler & Martens; A. persica var. aganonucipersica (Schübler & Martens) T. T. Yü & L. T. Lu; A. persica [unranked] aganopersica Reichenbach; A. persica var. compressa (Loudon) T. T. Yü & L. T. Lu; A. persica [unranked] scleronucipersica Schübler & Martens; A. persica var. scleronucipersica (Schübler & Martens) T. T. Yü & L. T. Lu; A. persica [unranked] scleropersica Reichenbach; A. persica var. scleropersica (Reichenbach) T. T. Yü & L. T. Lu; Persica platycarpa Decaisne; P. vulgaris Miller; P. vulgaris var. compressa Loudon; Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch; P. persica var. compressa (Loudon) Bean; P. persica subsp. platycarpa (Decaisne) D. Rivera et al.; P. persica var. platycarpa (Decaisne) L. H. Bailey.
Trees 3–8 m tall, with a broad and ± horizontally spreading crown. Bark dark reddish brown, scabrous and squamose with age. Branchlets green but reddish on exposed side, slender, glabrous, lustrous, with many small lenticels. Winter buds often 2 or 3 in a fascicle, conical, pubescent, apex obtuse. Petiole robust, 1–2 cm, with or without 1 to several nectaries; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate-oblanceolate, 7–15 × 2–3.5 cm, abaxially with or without a few hairs in vein axils, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cuneate, margin finely to coarsely serrate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, opening before leaves, 2–3.5 cm in diam. Pedicel very short to flower subsessile. Hypanthium green with a red tinge, shortly campanulate, 3–5 mm, outside pubescent or rarely subglabrous. Sepals ovate to oblong, ± as long as hypanthium, outside pubescent to rarely subglabrous, apex obtuse. Petals pink or white, oblong-elliptic to broadly obovate, 1–1.7 × 0.9–1.2 cm. Stamens 20–30; anthers purplish red. Ovary pubescent. Style nearly as long as stamens. Drupe color varies from greenish white to orangish yellow, usually with a red tinge on exposed side, ovoid, broadly ellipsoid, or compressed globose, (3–)5–7(–12) cm in diam. and usually nearly as long, densely pubescent, very rarely glabrous, ventral suture conspicuous; mesocarp white, greenish white, yellow, orangish yellow, or red, succulent, sweet to sour-sweet, fragrant; endocarp large, ellipsoid to suborbicular, compressed on both sides, surface longitudinally and transversely furrowed and pitted, free from mesocarp or compactly adnate to it, apex acuminate. Seed bitter, rarely sweet. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep.
Cultivated throughout China, escaped from cultivation in waste fields or on disturbed slopes; 1500--2200 m. Escaped from cultivation in at least Gansu, Hebei, and Shanxi.
Although native to N China, truly wild peaches no longer exist. Peaches are important, fruit-bearing and ornamental plants cultivated throughout temperate and subtropical zones. Cultivated varieties have been named for whether the fruit are compressed or not, whether the fruit surface is pubescent or glabrous, and whether the endocarp is free or adnate to the mesocarp.