栏目

木榄Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Linn.) Savigny

木榄Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Linn.) Savigny

别名:铁榄;大头榄;五跤梨;包罗剪定;包萝剪定;包蘿剪定;长鼓;大叶格拿稍;鸡爪榄;鸡爪浪;枷定;剪定;五脚里;五梨蛟;五梨蚊;

科名:红树科 Rhizophoraceae

属名:木榄属 Bruguiera

《中国植物志》第52(2)卷135页
  1.木榄(广西钦县)包罗剪定(广东徐闻),鸡爪浪(广东台山),剪定、枷定(广东海南),大头榄、鸡爪榄(广西合浦),五脚里、五梨蛟(台湾)
  Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Linn.) “Poir. in Lam., Tabl. Enc. (Text.) 2: 517. 1794, nom. inval. ; Lam., Tabl. Enc. 1: t. 397. 1797, sine nom. sp. ; ”Savigny in Lam., Enc. 4: 697. 1798 (as B. gymnorrhiza); Henslow in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 437. 1878; 海南植物志2: 443. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 982.图3693.1972. ——Rhizophora gymnorrhiza Linn., Sp. Pl. 443. 1753.——B. conjugata auct non Rhazophora conjugata Linn.: Merr. in Phiiip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 9: 118. 1914; Kanehira, Formos. Trees Rev. ed. 491. f. 453. 1936; How et Ho in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 2: 139. Pl. 23. 1953.——B. cylindrica acct. non Bl.: Hrance in Journ. Bot. 18: 10. 1879.
  乔木或灌木;树皮灰黑色,有粗糙裂纹。叶椭圆状矩圆形,长7-15厘米,宽3-5.5厘米,顶端短尖,基部楔形;叶柄暗绿色,长2.5-4.5厘米;托叶长3-4厘米,淡红色。花单生,盛开时长3-3.5厘米,有长1.2-2.5厘米的花梗;萼平滑无棱,暗黄红色,裂片11-13;花瓣长1.1-1.3厘米,中部以下密被长毛,上部无毛或几无毛,2裂,裂片顶端有2-3(-4 )条刺毛,裂缝间具刺毛1条;雄蕊略短于花瓣;花柱3-4棱柱形,长约2厘米,黄色,柱头3-4裂。胚轴长15-25厘米。花果期几全年。
  产广东、广西、福建、台湾及其沿海岛屿;生于浅海盐滩。分布于非洲东南部、印度、斯里兰卡、马来西亚、泰国、越南、澳大利亚北部及波利尼西亚。模式标本采自印度。
  本种在我国分布广,是构成我国红树林的优势树种之一,喜生于稍干旱、空气流通、伸向内陆的盐滩。据报道在马来西亚地区多成纯林,树高20多米,直径65厘米,但在我国,目前所发现的其树高很少超过6米,亦未见有纯林,多散生于秋茄树的灌丛中。材质坚硬,色红,很少作土工木料,多用作燃料。树皮含单宁19%-20%。
种中文名:木榄
种拉丁名:Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Linn.) Savigny
科中文名:红树科
科拉丁名:Rhizophoraceae
属中文名:木榄属
属拉丁名:Bruguiera
国内分布:广东、广西、福建、台湾及其沿海岛屿
国外分布:非洲东南部、印度、斯里兰卡、马来西亚、泰国、越南、澳大利亚北部、波利尼西亚

【药 名】:木榄

【拼 音】:MULAN

【来 源】:为红树科植物木榄的树皮。

【功 效】:收敛止泻。

【主 治】:用于腹泻,脾虚、肾虚。

【性味归经】:涩,平。大肠经。

【用法用量】:内服:煎汤,3-9克。

【别 名】:红树(《中国树木分类学》)、铁榄、大头榄(《中国高等植物图鉴》)、五梨跤、五脚里(台湾)

【动植物资源分布】:分布于台湾、广东、海南、广西等省区。

【拉丁名】:木榄Bruguiera gymnoihiza (L.) Savigny.

【考 证】:始载于《植物分类学报》。

【中药化学成分】:植株含木榄醇(gymnorhizo),叶含谷甾醇、豆甾醇、28-异岩藻甾醇(28- isofucosterol)与赤霉素 A3, A4,A7。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Bruguiera gymnorhiza  (Linnaeus) Savigny
木榄   mu lan
Rhizophora gymnorhiza Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 443. 1753; Bruguiera conjugata (Linnaeus) Merrill; R. conjugata Linnaeus.
Trees 6-20 m tall, d.b.h. 30-60 cm. Bark gray, deeply fissured. Stipules often reddish, ca. 4 cm, interpetiolar, caducous. Petiole 2-4.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic-oblong, 8-21 × 4-7(-9) cm, leathery, glabrous, base cuneate to rarely obtuse, apex acute. Pedicel 1-2.5 cm. Flowers in axils of upper leaves, solitary, red or pinkish red, ca. 3 cm. Calyx lobes 10-14, linear, 1.5-2 cm, glabrous. Petals 12-14, 1.3-1.5 cm, outer margin fringed with white silky hairs; sinus bristles 3 or 4 per petal, 2-3 mm, distinctly exceeding petals. Stamens twice as many as petals, 8-11 mm; filaments filiform; anthers linear to lanceolate, 4-5 mm. Disk cup-shaped. Ovary inferior, 3-loculed; style filiform, ca. 1.5 cm; stigma lobes 3 or 4. Fruit adnate to calyx tube, ca. 2.5 mm; persistent calyx on fruit or hypocotyls ribbed only apically. Seed 1, viviparous. Hypocotyl cigar-shaped, slightly angular, 15-25 × 1.5-2 cm. Fl. May-Jun. 2n = 26.
Mangrove forests; sea level. S Fujian, Guangdong, S Guangxi, Hainan, SW Taiwan (extinct) [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; E Africa, N Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, New Guinea, Pacific islands].
Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Ceriops tagal were originally found among the mangroves of Gaoxiong (Kaohsiung) lagoon, Taiwan. Both species completely disappeared after 12 years (1956-1968) of expansion and second-stage construction of the harbor (1967-1977). The last gathering records indicate that in 1959 only 22 individuals of B. gymnorhiza and one individual of C. tagal remained in the lagoon (C. F. Hsieh, pers. comm.). According to C.-I Peng (pers. comm.), B. gymnorhiza disappeared from Taiwan in the 1960s.

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