柱果铁线莲Clematis uncinata Champ.
柱果铁线莲Clematis uncinata Champ.
60. 柱果铁线莲(中国高等植物图鉴)小叶光板力刚、花木通、猪娘藤(浙江),钩铁线莲、癫子藤(云南药用植物名录)
Clematis uncinata Champ. in Kew Journ. Bot. 3: 255. 1851; Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 50: 523. 1903, p. p.; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. pl. Wils. 1: 327. 1913, p. p.; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 8: 106. 1927, excl. Syn.; Pei in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 10: 108. 1936, et in Sunyatsenia 4: 162. 1940, excl. syn. C. leiocarpa Oliv.; W. T. Wang, 植物分类学报 6(4): 373. 1957; 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 747, 图1493. 1972.——C. recta L. ssp. chinensis 4. uncinata (Champ.) Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 26: 115. 1885.——C. drakeana Levl. et Vant. in Bull. Acad. Intern. Geogr. Bot. 11: 168. 1902.——C. gagnepainiana Levl. et Vant. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 51: 219. 1904.——C. uncinata var. floribunda Hay. in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 18. 1911, et Icon. pl. Formos. 7: 20. 1911; 台湾植物志 2: 493. 1976.——C. floribunda (Hay.) Yamamoto in Journ. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 188. 1932.——C. uncinata var. biternata W. T. Wang, 1. c. 374.
藤本,干时常带黑色,除花柱有羽状毛及萼片外面边缘有短柔毛外,其余光滑。茎圆柱形,有纵条纹。一至二回羽状复叶,有5-15小叶,基部二对常为2-3小叶,茎基部为单叶或三出叶;小叶片纸质或薄革质,宽卵形、卵形、长圆状卵形至卵状披针形,长3-13厘米,宽1.5-7厘米,顶端渐尖至锐尖,偶有微凹,基部圆形或宽楔形,有时浅心形或截形,全缘,上面亮绿,下面灰绿色,两面网脉突出。圆锥状聚伞花序腋生或顶生,多花;萼片4,开展,白色,干时变褐色至黑色,线状披针形至倒披针形,长1-1.5厘米;雄蕊无毛。瘦果圆柱状钻形,干后变黑,长5-8毫米,宿存花柱长1-2厘米。花期6月至7月,果期7月至9月。
在我国分布于云南东南部(海拔300-1700米),贵州(600-1300米)、二四川(600-1800米)、甘肃南部、陕西南部、广西(250-1100米)、广东(200-1000米)、湖南(100-1050米)、福建、台湾(1500-2000米)、江西、安徽南部(200-1000米)、浙江(100-1000米)、江苏宜兴(200米左右)。生山地、山谷、溪边的灌丛中或林边,或石灰岩灌丛中。越南也有分布。模式标本采自香港。
根入药,能祛风除湿、舒筋活络、镇痛,治风湿性关节痛、牙痛、骨鲠喉;叶外用治外伤出血(全国中草药汇编)。
根据文献记载,与本种较接近的尚有二种,C. trichocarpa Tamura in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 16(3): 79. 1956及 C. alsomitrifolia Hay. Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 1. 1913, 二者子房、瘦果有毛,均产我国台湾,因未见标本,留待进一步考订。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 6 (2001)
Clematis uncinata Champion ex Bentham
柱果铁线莲 zhu guo tie xian lian
Vines woody. Branches shallowly longitudinally 10--14-grooved, glabrous. Leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate, 5--15-foliolate, glabrous; petiole 3--8.5 cm; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, ovate, narrowly ovate, or lanceolate, 3--13 × 1.5--5 cm, leathery to papery, abaxially reticulate or not, base rounded, broadly cuneate, subcordate, or truncate, margin entire, apex acuminate, acute, or attenuate; basal veins abaxially prominent. Cymes axillary or terminal, usually many flowered, paniclelike, glabrous; peduncle 1--8 cm; bracts sessile, subulate, 3--8 mm, sometimes petiolate, lanceolate, to 3.5 cm. Flowers 1.7--3 cm in diam. Pedicel 1--2.2 cm. Sepals 4, white, spreading, narrowly oblong to narrowly obovate-oblong, 6--15 × 2--7 mm, abaxially glabrous except for velutinous margin, adaxially glabrous, apex acute. Stamens (3--)8--11 mm, glabrous; anthers narrowly oblong to linear, 2.8--3.2 mm, apex minutely apiculate. Ovaries glabrous or pubescent. Style 5--8 mm, densely villous. Achenes subulate-terete, 5--7 × 1.4--1.8 mm, glabrous or pubescent; persistent style 1.5--2(--3) cm, plumose. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Jul--Nov.
Forests, forest margins, slopes, scrub, open areas, along streams; 100--2500 m. S Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang [S Japan, Vietnam].
别名:钩形铁线莲;老虎须;大本威灵仙;木通;钩铁线莲;钩形木通;光果铁线莲;黑骨头;黑脚威灵仙;黑木通;花木通;淮木通;癞子藤;千斤藤;铁脚威灵仙;威灵仙;小叶光板力刚;一把扇;猪娘藤;老虎师藤;皱叶铁线莲;威灵椇;水木通;钩叶铁线莲;瘌子藤;
科名:毛茛科 Ranunculaceae
属名:铁线莲属 Clematis
60. 柱果铁线莲(中国高等植物图鉴)小叶光板力刚、花木通、猪娘藤(浙江),钩铁线莲、癫子藤(云南药用植物名录)
Clematis uncinata Champ. in Kew Journ. Bot. 3: 255. 1851; Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 50: 523. 1903, p. p.; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. pl. Wils. 1: 327. 1913, p. p.; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 8: 106. 1927, excl. Syn.; Pei in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 10: 108. 1936, et in Sunyatsenia 4: 162. 1940, excl. syn. C. leiocarpa Oliv.; W. T. Wang, 植物分类学报 6(4): 373. 1957; 中国高等植物图鉴 1: 747, 图1493. 1972.——C. recta L. ssp. chinensis 4. uncinata (Champ.) Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 26: 115. 1885.——C. drakeana Levl. et Vant. in Bull. Acad. Intern. Geogr. Bot. 11: 168. 1902.——C. gagnepainiana Levl. et Vant. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 51: 219. 1904.——C. uncinata var. floribunda Hay. in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 18. 1911, et Icon. pl. Formos. 7: 20. 1911; 台湾植物志 2: 493. 1976.——C. floribunda (Hay.) Yamamoto in Journ. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 188. 1932.——C. uncinata var. biternata W. T. Wang, 1. c. 374.
藤本,干时常带黑色,除花柱有羽状毛及萼片外面边缘有短柔毛外,其余光滑。茎圆柱形,有纵条纹。一至二回羽状复叶,有5-15小叶,基部二对常为2-3小叶,茎基部为单叶或三出叶;小叶片纸质或薄革质,宽卵形、卵形、长圆状卵形至卵状披针形,长3-13厘米,宽1.5-7厘米,顶端渐尖至锐尖,偶有微凹,基部圆形或宽楔形,有时浅心形或截形,全缘,上面亮绿,下面灰绿色,两面网脉突出。圆锥状聚伞花序腋生或顶生,多花;萼片4,开展,白色,干时变褐色至黑色,线状披针形至倒披针形,长1-1.5厘米;雄蕊无毛。瘦果圆柱状钻形,干后变黑,长5-8毫米,宿存花柱长1-2厘米。花期6月至7月,果期7月至9月。
在我国分布于云南东南部(海拔300-1700米),贵州(600-1300米)、二四川(600-1800米)、甘肃南部、陕西南部、广西(250-1100米)、广东(200-1000米)、湖南(100-1050米)、福建、台湾(1500-2000米)、江西、安徽南部(200-1000米)、浙江(100-1000米)、江苏宜兴(200米左右)。生山地、山谷、溪边的灌丛中或林边,或石灰岩灌丛中。越南也有分布。模式标本采自香港。
根入药,能祛风除湿、舒筋活络、镇痛,治风湿性关节痛、牙痛、骨鲠喉;叶外用治外伤出血(全国中草药汇编)。
根据文献记载,与本种较接近的尚有二种,C. trichocarpa Tamura in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 16(3): 79. 1956及 C. alsomitrifolia Hay. Ic. Pl. Formos. 3: 1. 1913, 二者子房、瘦果有毛,均产我国台湾,因未见标本,留待进一步考订。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 6 (2001)
Clematis uncinata Champion ex Bentham
柱果铁线莲 zhu guo tie xian lian
Vines woody. Branches shallowly longitudinally 10--14-grooved, glabrous. Leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate, 5--15-foliolate, glabrous; petiole 3--8.5 cm; leaflet blades ovate-elliptic, ovate, narrowly ovate, or lanceolate, 3--13 × 1.5--5 cm, leathery to papery, abaxially reticulate or not, base rounded, broadly cuneate, subcordate, or truncate, margin entire, apex acuminate, acute, or attenuate; basal veins abaxially prominent. Cymes axillary or terminal, usually many flowered, paniclelike, glabrous; peduncle 1--8 cm; bracts sessile, subulate, 3--8 mm, sometimes petiolate, lanceolate, to 3.5 cm. Flowers 1.7--3 cm in diam. Pedicel 1--2.2 cm. Sepals 4, white, spreading, narrowly oblong to narrowly obovate-oblong, 6--15 × 2--7 mm, abaxially glabrous except for velutinous margin, adaxially glabrous, apex acute. Stamens (3--)8--11 mm, glabrous; anthers narrowly oblong to linear, 2.8--3.2 mm, apex minutely apiculate. Ovaries glabrous or pubescent. Style 5--8 mm, densely villous. Achenes subulate-terete, 5--7 × 1.4--1.8 mm, glabrous or pubescent; persistent style 1.5--2(--3) cm, plumose. Fl. Apr--Jul, fr. Jul--Nov.
Forests, forest margins, slopes, scrub, open areas, along streams; 100--2500 m. S Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang [S Japan, Vietnam].