远志Polygala tenuifolia Willd.

别名：棘菀;红子细辛;红籽细辛;红籽细草;光棍茶;瓜子连;三孑子;瓜子草;浅儿茶;小鸡腿;瓜子金;吉如很-其其格;蕀莞;蕀菀;梦绕;山扁豆根;切吾森玛;神砂草;青鱼胆;辰砂草;吉如根－其其格;巴雅格－萨瓦;苦远志;小草根;东北远志;远志肉;小扁豆;细草;小草;吉如根其其格;线茶;山茶叶;细叶远志;小远志;神沙草;狭叶远志;小鸡草;小鸡根;小叶茶;葽绕;野扁豆;远志筒;中构子;线儿茶;

科名：远志科 Polygalaceae

属名：远志属 Polygala

《中国植物志》第43(3)卷181页
  30.远志（本草经）葽绕，蕀莞（尔雅、本草经），小草、细草（本草经），线儿茶，小草根（山东），神砂草、红籽细草（四川）图版45：10-18
  Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 879. 1800; DC. Prodr, 1: 324. 1824; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 62. 1886; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 633. 1933; Komarov, Fl. Mansh, 2: 679. 1904; Migo in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 13: 88. 1943; Nevski et Tamamschjan in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 14: 251. 1949; 中药志1: 234. 1959; 四川中药志1: 851, 图459. 1960; 陕西中药志1: 320; 图160. 1961;中国高等植物图鉴2: 578, 图2886. 1972; 东北草本植物志 6: 30, 图版11:4-7. 1977; 陈书坤, 植物分类学报29(3): 220. 1991.——P. sibirica Linn. var. angustifolia Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 269. 1842.——P. sibirica Linn. var. tenuifolia (Willd.) Backer et Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 379. 1879; Chodat in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 31 (2): 348. 1893.
  多处生草本，高15-50厘米；主根粗壮，韧皮部肉质，浅黄色，长达10余厘米。茎多数丛生，直立或倾斜，具纵棱槽，被短柔毛。单叶互生，叶片纸质，线形至线状披针形，长1-3厘米，宽0.5-1（-3）毫米，先端渐尖，基部楔形，全缘，反卷，无毛或极疏被微柔毛，主脉上面凹陷，背面隆起，侧脉不明显，近无柄。总状花序呈扁侧状生于小枝顶端，细弱，长5-7厘米，通常略俯垂，少花，稀疏；苞片3，披针形，长约1毫米，先端渐尖，早落；萼片5，宿存，无毛，外面3枚线状披针形，长约2.5毫米，急尖，里面2枚花瓣状，倒卵形或长圆形，长约5毫米，宽约2.5毫米，先端圆形，具短尖头，沿中脉绿色，周围膜质，带紫堇色，基部具爪；花瓣3，紫色，侧瓣斜长圆形，长约4毫米，基部与龙骨瓣合生，基部内侧具柔毛，龙骨瓣较侧瓣长，具流苏状附属物；雄蕊8，花丝3/4以下合生成鞘，具缘毛，3/4以上两侧各3枚合生，花药无柄，中间2枚分离，花丝丝状，具狭翅，花药长卵形；子房扁圆形，顶端微缺，花柱弯曲，顶端呈喇叭形，柱头内藏。蒴果圆形，径约4毫米，顶端微凹，具狭翅，无缘毛；种子卵形，径约2毫米，黑色，密被白色柔毛，具发达、2裂下延的种阜。花果期5-9月。
  产东北、华北、西北和华中以及四川；生于草原、山坡草地、灌丛中以及杂木林下，海拔（200-）460-2300米。分布于朝鲜、蒙古和俄罗斯。
  本种根皮入药，含酸性皂甙—远志皂甙，水解性远志皂甙元A、远志皂甙元B及糖。此外，尚含结晶性远志素、脂肪油、树脂等。有益智安神、散郁化痰的功能。主治神经衰弱、心悸、健忘、失眠、梦遗、咳嗽多痰、支气管炎、腹泻、膀胱炎、痈疽疮肿；并有强壮、刺激子宫收缩等作用。
  本种近于西伯利亚远志P. sibirica Linn.，唯本种近无毛，叶片线形至线状披针形，近无柄；总状花序通常呈扁侧状生于小枝顶端，稍俯垂；花较小，龙骨瓣背面无毛，花丝3/4以下合生成鞘，3/4以上两侧各3枚合生，花药无柄。中间2枚分离；蒴果近圆形，具狭翅，但无缘毛，易于区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Polygala tenuifolia  Willdenow
远志   yuan zhi
Polygala sibirica Linnaeus var. angustifolia Ledebour; P. sibirica var. tenuifolia (Willdenow) Backer & Moore.
Herbs perennial, 15-50 cm tall. Principal root to 10 cm, stout, base fleshy. Stems much branched, caespitose, erect or inclined, ridged and sulcate, pubescent. Leaves subsessile; leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 10-30 × 0.5-1(-3) mm, papery, glabrous or very sparsely puberulent, midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, lateral veins obscure, base cuneate, margin entire, recurved, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal, secund, 5-7 cm, slender, becoming slightly pendulous, sparsely few flowered; bracts 3, caducous, lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, apex acuminate. Sepals 5, persistent, glabrous; outer sepals 3, linear-lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm, apex acute; inner sepals 2, petaloid, obovate or elliptic, ca. 5 × 2.5 mm, midvein green, base unguiculate, margin membranous, violet, apex rounded, mucronate. Petals 3, connate in lower 1/3, purple; lateral petals obliquely oblong, ca. 4 mm, inside hairy at base; keel longer than lateral petals, apex with fimbriate appendages. Stamens 8; filaments forming an open staminal ciliate sheath split in upper 1/4 with 2 separate single filaments with anthers in middle, and on either side of these a united group of 3 filaments each carrying 3 sessile oblong anthers at tip. Ovary compressed-orbicular, apex retuse; style curved, apex trumpet-shaped; stigma in trumpet. Capsule orbicular, ca. 4 mm in diam., narrowly winged, eciliate, apex retuse. Seeds black, ovoid, ca. 2 mm in diam., densely white pubescent, with 2-lobed decurrent strophiole. Fl. and fr. May-Sep. 2n = 32, 34.
Prairies, grasslands, shrub forests, thickets on mountain slopes; (200-)500-2300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan [Korea, Mongolia, Russia].