荷包牡丹Dicentra spectabilis (Linn.) Lem.

别名：荷包花;耳环花;荷苞牡丹;人血七;上天梯;一口血;鱼兜牡丹;土当归;夜荷花;荷色牡丹;荷牡丹;荷苞花;活血草;鱼儿牡丹;

科名：罂粟科 Papaveraceae

属名：荷包牡丹属 Dicentra

《中国植物志》第32卷085页
  1.荷包牡丹（秘传花镜）鱼儿牡丹（宋周必大诗），活血草、土当归（纲目拾遗），鱼儿牡丹（花镜），荷包花、耳环花（湖北）图版16：4
  Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. Fl. des Serres 1, 3: pl. 258. 1847; Fedde in Engl. et Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2/17b: 122, fig. 65. B. 1936; Stern in Brittonia 13: 21, fig. 20. 1961;中国高等植物图鉴2: 10,图1749. 1972;秦岭植物志1 (2): 366. 1974; 湖北植物志2: 11, 图692. 1979;东北草本植物志4: 13,图版8. 1980; 新疆植物检索表2: 341. 1980; 云南种子植物名录, 上册: 178. 1984; 安徽植物志2: 431, 图760. 1986; 河南植物志2: 10, 图724. 1989; 横断山区维管植物, 上册: 596. 1993;浙江植物志3: 7, 图3-9. 1993.——Fumaria spectabilis L. Sp. pl. 699. 1753. ——Dielytra spectabilis (L.) DC. Syst. 2: 110. 1821.
  直立草本，高30-60厘米或更高。茎圆柱形，带紫红色。叶片轮廓三角形，长 (15-）20-30（-40）厘米，宽（10-）14-17（-20）厘米，二回三出全裂，第一回裂片具长柄，中裂片的柄较侧裂片的长，第二回裂片近无柄，2或3裂，小裂片通常全缘，表面绿色，背面具白粉，两面叶脉明显；叶柄长约10厘米。总状花序长约15厘米，有(5-) 8-11 (-15)花，于花序轴的一侧下垂；花梗长1-1.5厘米；苞片钻形或线状长圆形，长3-5(-10)毫米，宽约1毫米。花优美，长2.5-3厘米，宽约2厘米，长为宽的1-1.5倍，基部心形；萼片披针形，长3-4毫米，玫瑰色，于花开前脱落；外花瓣紫红色至粉红色，稀白色，下部囊状，囊长约1.5厘米，宽约1厘米，具数条脉纹，上部变狭并向下反曲，长约1厘米，宽约2毫米，内花瓣长约2.2厘米，花瓣片略呈匙形，长1-1.5厘米，先端圆形部分紫色，背部鸡冠状突起自先端延伸至瓣片基部，高达3毫米，爪长圆形至倒卵形，长约1.5厘米，宽2-5毫米，白色；雄蕊束弧曲上升，花药长圆形；子房狭长圆形，长1-1.2厘米，粗1-1.5毫米，胚珠数枚，2行排列于子房的下半部，花柱细，长0.5-1.1厘米，每边具1沟槽，柱头狭长方形，长约1毫米，宽约0.5毫米，顶端2裂，基部近箭形。果未见。花期4-6月。
  产我国北部（北至辽宁），据Stern记载，河北、甘肃、四川、云南有分布，实则包括许多省区大多是栽培，生于海拔780-2800米的湿润草地和山坡。日本、朝鲜、俄罗斯有分布。
  全草入药，有镇痛、解痉、利尿、调经、散血、和血、除风、消疮毒等功效。庭园栽培供观赏。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Lamprocapnos spectabilis  (Linnaeus) Fukuhara Pl. Syst. Evol. 206: 415. 1997.
荷包牡丹   he bao mu dan
Fumaria spectabilis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 699. 1753; Capnorchis spectabilis (Linnaeus) Borkhausen; Dicentra spectabilis (Linnaeus) Lemaire; Diclytra spectabilis (Linnaeus) Candolle; Dielytra spectabilis (Linnaeus) G. Don; Eucapnos spectabilis (Linnaeus) Siebold & Zuccarini.
Herbs, perennial, glabrous, with ± erect, branched, leafy, rather thick, juicy stems 50-90 cm. Petiole 5-12 cm; leaf blade glaucous abaxially, green adaxially, broadly triangular in outline, 10-30 × 10-30 cm, 2 to almost 3 × ternately divided; leaflets cuneate, ± deeply divided into broad acute lobes or coarse teeth. Inflorescences terminal and axillary from upper leaves, racemelike, almost horizontal, long, lax, 7-15-flowered, subtended by linear bracts 3-5(-10) mm. Pedicel 5-15 mm, thin, with tiny paired bracteoles. Flowers with 2 planes of symmetry, ± cordate, 20-25 mm wide. Sepals early falling, 3-4 mm, entire. Outer petals pink or occasionally white, base broadly pouchlike; inner petals white, usually with red and yellow markings, 22-25 mm, projecting far beyond strongly reflexed outer petals and each with a prominent whitish crest. Stamens rather wide and undulate, petaloid, free from each other, each triplet only shortly fused below anthers; nectar secreted from base of each central stamen. Ovary green, fusiform; style persistent; stigma oblong, slightly 2-lobed at base and apically. Capsule oblong, 2-8-seeded, 25-35 mm, including a long straight persistent style. Seeds black, rounded, (2.5-)3 mm, smooth, with a large lobed elaiosome. Fl. and fr. Apr-Jun. 2n = 16.
Moist grasslands, slopes, open deciduous forests; 800-2800 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [N Korea, extreme SE Russia].
This is a very long-cultivated ornamental plant, sometimes found as a garden escape.This is a very long-cultivated ornamental plant, sometimes found as a garden escape.