酢浆草Oxalis corniculata Linn.

别名：老鸭嘴、满天星

科名：酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae

属名：酢浆草属 Oxalis

《中国植物志》第43(1)卷011页
  4.酢浆草（唐本草）酸味草（广州）、鸠酸（唐本草）、酸醋酱（河南）
  Oxalis corniculata L. Sp. Pl. 435. 1753; DC. Prodr. 1: 692. 1824; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 56. 1861; Edgew. et Hook. f. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 436. 1874; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 617. 1933. Gorschk. in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 14: 77. 1949;中国高等植物图鉴2: 518. 图2765. 1972;东北草本植物志6: 1. 1977;福建植物志2, 341. 1985; 西藏植物志3: 1. 1986; 横断山区维管植物1: 1020. 1993; H. Koba, S. Akiyama, Y. Endo and H. Ohba, Name List Fl. Pl. Gymnosp. Nepal, 395. 1994.——O. repens Thunb. Diss. Oxal. 16. n. 14. 1781; DC. Prod, 1: 693. 1824. ——O. chinensis Haw in Loud. Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 595. 1832, nomen.——Acetosella chinensis (Haw) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 92: 1891. ——O. fontana Bunge in Men. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 2: 87. 1835.
形态特征：多年生草本，高15-22厘米，全草味酸。根细水长流长或粗壮，茎细而柔软，下部斜卧地面呈匍匐状，多分枝，成丛生状，上部稍直立，绿色，微带紫色，被毛，节处生有不定根。叶为三出复叶，具长柄；小叶3，倒心形，长5-13毫米，宽6-15毫米，先端凹陷，基部楔形，全缘，背面沿叶脉及缘有短毛；小叶无柄，伞形花序腋生，具花2-6朵，花序梗纤细，带紫色，有毛；萼片与花瓣均为5数；雄蕊10枚，5长5短，花丝基部合生成筒；子房上位，5室；柱头5裂。蒴果近圆柱形，有5纵棱，具毛，成熟时自行开裂，弹出种子。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
分    布：各地
生    境：路旁、田园、宅旁
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：风湿、跌打损伤、蛇伤
药用主治：感冒发热、鼻衄、肝炎、尿路感染、结石、神经衰弱、菌痢、丹毒、跌打损伤、痈肿疮疖

《Flora of China》 Vol. 11 (2008)
Oxalis corniculata  Linnaeus
酢浆草   cu jiang cao
Acetosella corniculata (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Oxalis corniculata f. erecta Makino; O. corniculata subsp. repens (Thunberg) Masamune; O. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Zuccarini; O. corniculata subsp. subglabra (Kuntze) Masamune; O. corniculata var. taiwanensis Masamune; O. minima Steudel; O. procumbens Steudel; O. repens Thunberg; O. repens var. erecta (Makino) Masamune; O. repens f. speciosa Masamune; O. taiwanensis (Masamune) Masamune; Xanthoxalis corniculata (Linnaeus) Small; X. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Nakai; X. repens (Thunberg) Moldenke.
Annuals or short-lived perennials. Stems to 50 cm but often shorter, creeping, ascending to semierect, variably pubescent with adpressed simple hairs. Rootstock a slender taproot, sometimes woody; stems several, freely rooting at nodes in contact with soil; stolons absent. Stipules small, rectangular to auriculate. Leaves alternate or pseudoverticillate; petiole 1-8(-13) cm; leaflet blades obcordate, 0.3-1.8 × 0.4-2.3 cm, green or suffused purplish red, variably adaxially and abaxially pubescent, apex deeply emarginate. Inflorescences umbellate, (2-)1-5(-7)-flowered; peduncle usually slightly longer than petioles; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2-4 × ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 4-15(-20) mm, deflexed or horizontal in fruit, densely strigose. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-5 × 1.2-2 mm, margin ciliate especially at apex. Petals bright yellow, oblong-obovate, 6-8 × 3-4 mm. Capsule long cylindric, 8-25 × 2-3 mm, 5-sided, strigose with abundant simple hairs and a few septate hairs on dehiscence sutures. Seeds brown to brownish red, 5-14 per locule, ovoid-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1 mm, transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Feb-Oct. 2n = 24.
Mountain slopes, forests, grasslands, riversides, roadsides, fields, wastelands; sea level to 3400 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Nei Mongol, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand; almost cosmopolitan].
This species is used medicinally.

This highly successful weedy species is so widespread, particularly in areas disturbed by humans, that its origin is unknown. It has been reported from China in additional provinces, such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Ningxia, and Xinjiang, where it is likely a weed in protected locations, such as in greenhouses. The most frequently encountered variety in China is Oxalis corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Hohenacker, but this variety is often under-recorded due to the glabrescent nature of the adaxial surface of the leaves. Oxalis corniculata var. villosa has leaflet blades covered with trichomes all over the abaxial surface, whereas for var. corniculata the abaxial surface has trichomes only on the midrib of the terminal leaflet and the basal half of the lateral leaflets. Plants with leaves, and to a lesser extent all vegetative parts, suffused purplish red are Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Planchon. The purple coloration is conspicuous in plants from exposed sunny habitats but is much less prominent in shaded plants and fades on drying, making confident determination of old herbarium specimens difficult. Determination of the exact distribution of these varieties in China needs additional study.

Synonyms of Oxalis corniculata var. villosa include: Oxalis villosa M. Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 355. 1808; Acetosella corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Kuntze; ?O. corniculata f. maritima Masamune; O. corniculata var. sericea Knuth; O. corniculata var. trichocaulon H. Léveillé; O. corniculata f. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Goiran; ?O. corniculata var. viscidula Wiegand; O. langloisii (Small) Fedde; O. thunbergiana Montrousier; Xanthoxalis langloisii Small. Synonyms of Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea include: Oxalis corniculata f. purpurea (Parlatore) Knuth; O. corniculata var. purpurea Parlatore; O. tropaeoloides Schlachter ex Planchon; Xanthoxalis corniculata f. atropurpurea (Planchon) Nakai; X. corniculata var. atropurpurea (Planchon) Moldenke; X. corniculata f. purpurea (Parlatore) Nakai.