独蒜兰Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe

别名：跳子七;一枝花;一叶兰;一粒珠;岩寿桃;金扣子;扣子七;台湾一叶兰;扁叶兰;杯子七;石龙球;冰球子;怀子七;白及;石仙桃;独叶一支枪;泥宾子;朱兰状独蒜兰;蒜果;山慈菇;山慈姑;扣子还阳;毛慈菇;雷血七;光慈姑;茅慈菇;活血珠;瓶状独蒜兰;蒜果七;

科名：兰科 Orchidaceae

属名：独蒜兰属 Pleione

《中国植物志》第18卷377页
  13.独蒜兰（中国高等植物图鉴）图版62：5-6
  Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe in Orch. Rev. 11: 291. 1903; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 185. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 28 (1, 2): 140. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 687.图8204.1976; 西藏植物志5: 852. 1987; Cribb et al. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 184: 132. t. 866. 1983, et Genus Pleione 65. fig. 8D, 8E. Pl. 9, 16C——E, 20A. 1988; K. Y. Lang et Z. H. Tsi in Bot. Res. Inst. Bot. 6: 66. 1992; 横断山区维管植物2: 2575. 1994; Z. H. Tsi, S. C. Chen et K. Mori, Wild Orch. China 60. pl. 63. 1997;中国兰花全书147. 图6-10(5, 6). 彩图6-27. 1998.——Coelogyne bulbocodioides Franch in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris ser. 2, 10: 84. 1888. ——Coelogyne delavayi Rolfe in Kew Bull. 195. 1896. ——Coelogyne henryi Rolfe, l. c. 1896. ——Coelogyne pogonioides Rolfe, l. c. 195. 1896. ——Pleione delavayi (Rolfe) Rolfe in Orch. Rev. 11: 291. 1903; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 186. 1919. ——Pleione amoena Schltr., l. c. 185. 1919. ——Pleione henryi (Rolfe) Schltr., l. c. 186. 1919. ——Pleione smithii Schltr. in Acta Hort. G)thob. 1: 149. 1924. ——Pleione communis Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 78: 25. 1931. ——Pleione communis Gagnep var. subobtusum Gagnep., l. c. 25. 1931. ——Pleione fargesii Gagnep., l. c. 25. 1931. ——Pleione rhombilabia Hand.——Mazz., Symb. Sinic. 7: 1348. 1936. ——Pleione yunnanensis auct. non (Rolfe) Rolfe (1903): Rolf a in Curtis, s Bot. Mag. 176: t. 8106. 1967.
  半附生草本。假鳞茎卵形至卵状圆锥形，上端有明显的颈，全长1-2.5厘米，直径1-2厘米，顶端具1枚叶。叶在花期尚幼嫩，长成后狭椭圆状披针形或近倒披针形，纸质，长10-25厘米，宽2-5.8厘米，先端通常渐尖，基部渐狭成柄；叶柄长2-6.5厘米。花葶从无叶的老假鳞茎基部发出，直立，长7-20厘米，下半部包藏在3枚膜质的圆筒状鞘内，顶端具1 (-2)花；花苞片线状长圆形，长（2-) 3-4厘米，明显长于花梗和子房，先端钝；花梗和子房长1-2.5厘米；花粉红色至淡紫色，唇瓣上有深色斑；中萼片近倒披针形，长3.5-5厘米，宽7-9毫米，先端急尖或钝；侧萼片稍斜歪，狭椭圆形或长圆状倒披针形，与中萼片等长，常略宽；花瓣倒披针形，稍斜歪，长3.5- 5厘米，宽4-7毫米；唇瓣轮廓为倒卵形或宽倒卵形，长3.5-4.5厘米，宽3-4厘米，不明显3裂，上部边缘撕裂状，基部楔形并多少贴生于蕊柱上，通常具4-5条褶片；褶片啮蚀状，高可达1-1.5毫米，向基部渐狭直至消失；中央褶片常较短而宽，有时不存在；蕊柱长2.7-4厘米，多少弧曲，两侧具翅；翅自中部以下甚狭，向上渐宽，在顶端围绕蕊柱，宽达6-7毫米，有不规则齿缺。蒴果近长圆形，长2.7-3.5厘米。花期4-6月。
  产陕西南部、甘肃南部、安徽、湖北、湖南、广东北部、广西北部、四川、贵州、云南西北部和西藏东南部。生于常绿阔叶林下或灌木林缘腐植质丰富的土壤上或苔藓覆盖的岩石上，海拔900-3600米。模式标本采自四川宝兴。
形态特征：陆生兰，高15-25厘米。假鳞茎狭卵形或长颈瓶状，长1-2厘米，顶生1枚叶，叶掉后有一杯状齿环。叶和花同时出现，椭圆状披针形，顶端稍钝和渐尖，长10-25厘米，宽2-5厘米，基部收狭成柄，抱花葶。花葶顶生1朵花，花苞片矩圆形，近急尖，等于或长于子房；花淡紫色或粉红色，萼片直立，狭披针形，长达4厘米，毫米；争光尖，花瓣和萼片近等长，但较狭，几为休形，急尖；唇瓣基部楔形，不明显3裂，侧裂片半卵形，顶端钝。中裂片半圆形或近楔形，顶端凹缺或几乎不凹缺，边缘具不整齐的锯齿，愉面有3-5条波状或近直的褶片。
分    布：长江流域及区
生    境：密林下或沟谷旁有泥土的石壁上
繁殖方式：分株
习    性：荫生
药用部位：茎
药用功能：na
药用主治：na

《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Pleione bulbocodioides  (Franchet) Rolfe Orchid Rev. 11: 291. 1903.
独蒜兰   du suan lan
Coelogyne bulbocodioides Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10: 84. 1888; C. delavayi Rolfe; C. henryi Rolfe; C. pogonioides Rolfe; Pleione communis Gagnepain; P. communis var. subobtusa Gagnepain; P. delavayi (Rolfe) Rolfe; P. fargesii Gagnepain; P. ganchuenensis Gagnepain; P. henryi (Rolfe) Schlechter; P. mairei Schlechter; P. rhombilabia Handel-Mazzetti; P. smithii Schlechter.
Herbs, terrestrial or lithophytic. Pseudobulb ovoid to ovoid-conic, with a conspicuous neck, 1-2.5 × 1-2 cm, 1-leaved. Leaf immature at anthesis, developing after flowering, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or suboblanceolate, 10-25 × 2-5.8 cm, papery, base attenuate into a petiole-like stalk 2-6.5 cm, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescence erect; peduncle 7-20 cm, covered by 3 tubular sheaths below middle; floral bracts linear-oblong, (20-)30-40 mm, apex obtuse. Flowers solitary or rarely 2, pink to pale purple, with dark purple marks on lip; pedicel and ovary 10-25 mm. Dorsal sepal lanceolate to oblanceolate, 35-50 × 7-9 mm, apex acute or obtuse; lateral sepals narrowly elliptic or oblong-oblanceolate, slightly oblique, 35-50 × 8-10 mm, apex subacute or obtuse. Petals oblanceolate, slightly oblique, 35-50 × 4-7 mm, apex acute; lip obovate or broadly obovate when flattened, 35-45 × 30-40 mm, base cuneate and adnate to column, obscurely 3-lobed, apical margin lacerate; mid-lobe subquadrate, apex emarginate; disk with 4 or 5 erose lamellae 1-1.5 mm tall; central lamella (when present) usually shorter but taller than others. Column ± arcuate, 27-40 mm; column wings very narrow below middle, dilated above, 6-7 mm tall at apex, irregularly dentate. Capsule suboblong, 27-35 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun. 2n = 40*, 120*.
● Humus-covered soil, on mossy rocks in evergreen broad-leaved forests and at thicket margins; 900-3600 m. Anhui, N Fujian, S Gansu, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, C and NW Yunnan.