舌唇兰Platanthera japonica (Thunb. ex Marray) Lindl.

别名：阔叶长距兰;观音竹;朱兰;米洋参;长矩兰;青蛇一支箭;竹七;白毛七;龙爪参;骑马参;日本长距兰;双抱蛋;水麦冬;土门冬;猪丫参;走肾草;玄参;长距兰;

科名：兰科 Orchidaceae

属名：舌唇兰属 Platanthera

《中国植物志》第17卷293页
  4.舌唇兰（中国高等植物图鉴）
  Platanthera japonica (Thunb. ex A. Marray) Lindl. , Gen. Sp. Orch. pl. 290. 1835; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 112. 1919; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 326. 1965; F. Maekawa, Wild Orch. Jap. Col. 151. pl. 38. 1971; Garay et Sweet, Orch. South. Ryukyu Isl. 33. 1974; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 28(1-2): 133. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 618, 图8065.1976; 秦岭植物志1(1): 402, 图389.1976;安徽植物志5: 555. 图3095. 1992; 浙江植物志7: 503, 图7-671. 1993; R. Y. Lang in Bot. Res. Inst. Bot. 7: 115. 1994;横断山区维管植物2: 2522. 1994. ——Orchis japonica Thunb. ex A. Murray in Linnaeus Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 811. 1784. ——Orchis japonica Thunb. , Fl. Jap. 26. 1784.——Habenaria japonica(Thunb. ex A. Murray)A. Gary in Mem. Amer. Aead. n. ser. 6: 410. 1859. ——Platanthera manubriata Kraenzl. ex Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 265. 1900. ——Platanthera setchuanica Kraenzl. , 1. c. ——Habenaria omeiensis Rolfe in Kew Bull. 1896: 203. 1896. ——Platanthera omeiensis(Rolfe)Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 116. 1919.
  植株高35-70厘米。根状茎指状，肉质、近平展。茎粗壮，直立，无毛，具 (3-）4-6枚叶。叶自下向上渐小，下部叶片椭圆形或长椭圆形，长10-18厘米，宽3-7厘米，先端钝或急尖，基部成抱茎的鞘，上部叶片小，披针形，先端渐尖。总状花序长10-18厘米，具10-28朵花；花苞片狭披针形，长2-4厘米，宽3-5毫米；子房细圆柱状，无毛，扭转，连花梗长2-2.5厘米；花大，白色；中萼片直立，卵形，舟状，长7-8毫米，宽5-6毫米，先端钝或急尖，具3脉；侧萼片反折，斜卵形，长8-9毫米，宽4-5毫米，先端急尖，具3脉；花瓣直立，线形，长6-7毫米，宽约1.5毫米，先端钝，具1脉，与中萼片靠合呈兜状；唇瓣线形，长1.3-1.5（-2）厘米，不分裂，肉质，先端钝；距下垂，细长，细圆筒状至丝状，长3-6厘米，弧曲，较子房长多；药室平行；药隔较宽，顶部稍凹陷；花粉团倒卵形，具细而长的柄和线状椭圆形的大粘盘；退化雄蕊显著；蕊喙矮，宽三角形，直立；柱头1个，凹陷，位于蕊喙之下穴内。花期5-7月。
  产于陕西、甘肃、江苏、安徽、浙江、河南、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、贵州和云南；生于海拔600-2600米的山坡林下或草地。朝鲜半岛和日本也有分布。模式标本采自日本。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Platanthera japonica  (Thunberg) Lindley Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 290. 1835.
舌唇兰   she chun lan
Orchis japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 811. 1784; Habenaria japonica (Thunberg) A. Gray; H. omeiensis Rolfe; Platanthera manubriata Kraenzlin; P. omeiensis (Rolfe) Schlechter; P. setchuenica Kraenzlin; P. stenantha (J. D. Hooker) Soó subsp. omeiensis (Rolfe) Soó.
Plants 35-80 cm tall. Rootstock tuberous, cylindric to narrowly ovoid. Stem erect, stout, with several tubular sheaths at base, (3 or)4-6-leaved. Leaves cauline, alternate, widely spaced, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 10-18 × 3-7.5 cm, base sheathing, apex obtuse or acute. Peduncle robust, with 3 or 4 foliaceous, lanceolate bracts; rachis 10-18 cm, 10-28-flowered; floral bracts narrowly lanceolate, 20-45 mm, basal ones exceeding flowers, apex acuminate. Flowers white; pedicel and ovary straight to slightly arcuate, cylindric, 18-25 mm. Dorsal sepal erect, forming a hood with petals, ovate, cymbiform, 7-8 × 5-6 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex obtuse or acute; lateral sepals reflexed, ovate, oblique, 8-9 × 4-5 mm, glabrous, 3-veined, apex acute. Petals linear, 6-7 × ca. 1.5 mm, 1-veined, apex obtuse; lip pendulous or spreading, linear, 13-15(-20) mm, entire, apex obtuse; spur pendulous, cylindric to filiform, 25-60 mm, much longer than ovary, slender, apex acute. Column 1-2 mm; staminodes conspicuous; anther locules almost parallel; connective rather broad, apex subretuse; pollinia obovoid, with slender caudicles and linear-ellipsoid viscidia; rostellum erect, broadly triangular, short; stigma lobes confluent, concave, lying directly below rostellum. Fl. Mar-Jul, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 42.
Forests, grasslands on slopes; 600-2600 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].