美冠兰Eulophia graminea Lindl.
美冠兰Eulophia graminea Lindl.
9.美冠兰（香港植物名录）图版32:4-5
Eulophia graminea Lindl. [ex Wall. Cat. no. 7372. 1832, nom. nud.], Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl. 182. 1833, et in J. Proc. Linn, Soc. Bot. 3: 23. 1859; Merrill in Sunyatsenia 1: 15. 1930; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 26 (3, 4): 391. 1973; 台湾兰科植物彩色图鉴1: 176, 454.1977, et 2: 512. 1990; 台湾植物志5: 993. 1978; Seidenf. in Opera Bot, 72: 29. fig. 14. 1983;台湾兰科植物3: 65-67 (图). 1987; z. H. Tsi et al. in Acta Phytotax, Sin. 33 (6): 584. 1995. ——Eulophia sinensis Miq. in J. Bot. Neerl. 1: 91. 1861; Rolfe in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 29. 1903; S. Y. Hu, Gen. Orch. Hong Kong 71, 73 (fig.). 1977. —— Graphorchis graminea (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 662. 1891. ——Eulophia ramosa Hayata in J. C0ll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 332. 1911, et Icon. Pl. Formos. 4: 75. fig. 35 (b——h). 1914; Masamune in J. Geobot. 22 (4): t. 208, 1975. ——Eulophia venusta Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 72, 263. 1919. ——Eulophia gusukumai Masamune in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 24: 208. 1934. ——Eulophia campestris auct. non Lindl.中国高等植物图鉴5: 740.图8309. 1976; 海南植物志4: 244. 1977, excl. t. 1118.
假鳞茎卵球形、圆锥形、长圆形或近球形，长3-7厘米，直径2-4厘米，直立，常带绿色，多少露出地面，上部有数节，有时多个假鳞茎聚生成簇团，直径达20-30 厘米。叶3-5枚，在花全部凋萎后出现，线形或线状披针形，长13-35厘米，宽7-10毫米，先端渐尖，基部收狭成柄；叶柄套叠而成短的假茎，外有数枚鞘。花葶从假鳞茎一侧节上发出，高43-65厘米或更高，中部以下有数枚鞘；鞘长1.5-3.5厘米；总状花序直立，长20-40厘米，常有1-2个侧分枝，疏生多数花；花苞片草质，线状披针形，长4-8毫米，宽约2毫米，先端长渐尖；花梗和子房长1.5-1.9厘米；花橄榄绿色，唇瓣白色而具淡紫红色褶片；中萼片倒披针状线形，长1.1-1.3厘米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端渐尖；侧萼片与中萼片相似，常略斜歪而稍大；花瓣近狭卵形，长9-10毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，先端短渐尖；唇瓣近倒卵形或长圆形，长9-10毫米，3裂；侧裂片较小；中裂片近圆形，长4-5毫米；唇盘上有（3-）5条纵褶片，从基部延伸至中裂片上，从接近中裂片开始一直到中裂片上褶片均分裂成流苏状；基部的距圆筒状或后期略呈棒状（因中部缢缩而末端较粗），长3-3.5毫米，常略向前弯曲；蕊柱长4-5毫米（不连花药），无蕊柱足。蒴果下垂，椭圆形，长2.5-3厘米，宽约1厘米；果梗长约1厘米。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
产安徽、台湾、广东、香港、海南、广西、贵州和云南。生于疏林中草地上、山坡阳处、海边沙滩林中，海拔900-1200米。尼泊尔、锡金、印度、斯里兰卡、越南、老挝、缅甸、泰国、马来西亚、新加坡、印度尼西亚和日本琉球群岛也有分布。模式标本采自新加坡。
本种主要见于广东南面的香港和海南岛，台湾也较常见，但云南的标本我们尚未见到，仅根据唐进、汪发缵两位先生手稿中的资料。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Eulophia graminea Lindley Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 182. 1833.
美冠兰 mei guan lan
Eulophia decipiens Kurz; E. gusukumae Masamune; E. inconspicua Griffith; E. ramosa Hayata (1911), not Ridley (1885); E. sinensis Miquel; E. ucbii Malhotra & Balodi; E. venusta Schlechter; Graphorkis decipiens (Kurz) Kuntze; G. graminea (Lindley) Kuntze; G. inconspicua (Griffith) Kuntze.
Plants autotrophic, 40-80 cm tall. Pseudobulb borne above ground, erect, ovoid, conic, oblong, or subglobose, 3-7 × 2-4 cm, several noded, sometimes present in large numbers and forming clusters to 20-30 cm in diam. Leaves 3-5, present at or emerging after anthesis, linear to linear-lanceolate, 13-35 × 0.7-1 cm, apex acuminate; petiole-like stalk enclosed in several basal sheaths and forming a pseudostem. Inflorescence racemose or occasionally 1- or 2-branched and paniculate, 40-75 cm, slender, with several scattered sheaths 1.5-3.5 cm; rachis 12-40 cm, laxly 4- to more than 10-flowered; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-8 × ca. 2 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers medium-sized, to ca. 30 mm in diam.; sepals and petals olive-green with dark green venation, lip white with purplish red lamellae; pedicel and ovary 15-20 mm. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 11-15 × 1.5-3 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals similar to dorsal sepal, usually slightly longer and slightly oblique. Petals reflexed above middle, narrowly ovate, 9-10 × 2.5-3 mm, apex shortly acuminate; lip subobovate-oblong, 9-10 × 4-5 mm, spurred at base, 3-lobed at or below middle; lateral lobes small; mid-lobe orbicular, 4-5 × 4-5 mm, apex with an acute mucro; disk with (3 or)5 longitudinal lamellae, extending from base of lip almost to apex of mid-lobe, divided into fimbriate fringes on mid-lobe, white tinged purplish red; spur usually curving forward, cylindric or slightly clavate, 3-3.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Column 4-5 mm, without a column foot. Capsule pendulous, ellipsoid, 25-30 × ca. 10 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jun. 2n = 42, 48, 56.
Grassy places in open forests, open slopes, disturbed grasslands, forests along sandy beaches, coastal grasslands; 900-2100 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
别名：秀雅美冠兰;
科名：兰科 Orchidaceae
属名：美冠兰属 Eulophia
9.美冠兰（香港植物名录）图版32:4-5
Eulophia graminea Lindl. [ex Wall. Cat. no. 7372. 1832, nom. nud.], Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl. 182. 1833, et in J. Proc. Linn, Soc. Bot. 3: 23. 1859; Merrill in Sunyatsenia 1: 15. 1930; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 26 (3, 4): 391. 1973; 台湾兰科植物彩色图鉴1: 176, 454.1977, et 2: 512. 1990; 台湾植物志5: 993. 1978; Seidenf. in Opera Bot, 72: 29. fig. 14. 1983;台湾兰科植物3: 65-67 (图). 1987; z. H. Tsi et al. in Acta Phytotax, Sin. 33 (6): 584. 1995. ——Eulophia sinensis Miq. in J. Bot. Neerl. 1: 91. 1861; Rolfe in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 29. 1903; S. Y. Hu, Gen. Orch. Hong Kong 71, 73 (fig.). 1977. —— Graphorchis graminea (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 662. 1891. ——Eulophia ramosa Hayata in J. C0ll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 332. 1911, et Icon. Pl. Formos. 4: 75. fig. 35 (b——h). 1914; Masamune in J. Geobot. 22 (4): t. 208, 1975. ——Eulophia venusta Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 72, 263. 1919. ——Eulophia gusukumai Masamune in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 24: 208. 1934. ——Eulophia campestris auct. non Lindl.中国高等植物图鉴5: 740.图8309. 1976; 海南植物志4: 244. 1977, excl. t. 1118.
假鳞茎卵球形、圆锥形、长圆形或近球形，长3-7厘米，直径2-4厘米，直立，常带绿色，多少露出地面，上部有数节，有时多个假鳞茎聚生成簇团，直径达20-30 厘米。叶3-5枚，在花全部凋萎后出现，线形或线状披针形，长13-35厘米，宽7-10毫米，先端渐尖，基部收狭成柄；叶柄套叠而成短的假茎，外有数枚鞘。花葶从假鳞茎一侧节上发出，高43-65厘米或更高，中部以下有数枚鞘；鞘长1.5-3.5厘米；总状花序直立，长20-40厘米，常有1-2个侧分枝，疏生多数花；花苞片草质，线状披针形，长4-8毫米，宽约2毫米，先端长渐尖；花梗和子房长1.5-1.9厘米；花橄榄绿色，唇瓣白色而具淡紫红色褶片；中萼片倒披针状线形，长1.1-1.3厘米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端渐尖；侧萼片与中萼片相似，常略斜歪而稍大；花瓣近狭卵形，长9-10毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，先端短渐尖；唇瓣近倒卵形或长圆形，长9-10毫米，3裂；侧裂片较小；中裂片近圆形，长4-5毫米；唇盘上有（3-）5条纵褶片，从基部延伸至中裂片上，从接近中裂片开始一直到中裂片上褶片均分裂成流苏状；基部的距圆筒状或后期略呈棒状（因中部缢缩而末端较粗），长3-3.5毫米，常略向前弯曲；蕊柱长4-5毫米（不连花药），无蕊柱足。蒴果下垂，椭圆形，长2.5-3厘米，宽约1厘米；果梗长约1厘米。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
产安徽、台湾、广东、香港、海南、广西、贵州和云南。生于疏林中草地上、山坡阳处、海边沙滩林中，海拔900-1200米。尼泊尔、锡金、印度、斯里兰卡、越南、老挝、缅甸、泰国、马来西亚、新加坡、印度尼西亚和日本琉球群岛也有分布。模式标本采自新加坡。
本种主要见于广东南面的香港和海南岛，台湾也较常见，但云南的标本我们尚未见到，仅根据唐进、汪发缵两位先生手稿中的资料。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Eulophia graminea Lindley Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 182. 1833.
美冠兰 mei guan lan
Eulophia decipiens Kurz; E. gusukumae Masamune; E. inconspicua Griffith; E. ramosa Hayata (1911), not Ridley (1885); E. sinensis Miquel; E. ucbii Malhotra & Balodi; E. venusta Schlechter; Graphorkis decipiens (Kurz) Kuntze; G. graminea (Lindley) Kuntze; G. inconspicua (Griffith) Kuntze.
Plants autotrophic, 40-80 cm tall. Pseudobulb borne above ground, erect, ovoid, conic, oblong, or subglobose, 3-7 × 2-4 cm, several noded, sometimes present in large numbers and forming clusters to 20-30 cm in diam. Leaves 3-5, present at or emerging after anthesis, linear to linear-lanceolate, 13-35 × 0.7-1 cm, apex acuminate; petiole-like stalk enclosed in several basal sheaths and forming a pseudostem. Inflorescence racemose or occasionally 1- or 2-branched and paniculate, 40-75 cm, slender, with several scattered sheaths 1.5-3.5 cm; rachis 12-40 cm, laxly 4- to more than 10-flowered; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-8 × ca. 2 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers medium-sized, to ca. 30 mm in diam.; sepals and petals olive-green with dark green venation, lip white with purplish red lamellae; pedicel and ovary 15-20 mm. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 11-15 × 1.5-3 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals similar to dorsal sepal, usually slightly longer and slightly oblique. Petals reflexed above middle, narrowly ovate, 9-10 × 2.5-3 mm, apex shortly acuminate; lip subobovate-oblong, 9-10 × 4-5 mm, spurred at base, 3-lobed at or below middle; lateral lobes small; mid-lobe orbicular, 4-5 × 4-5 mm, apex with an acute mucro; disk with (3 or)5 longitudinal lamellae, extending from base of lip almost to apex of mid-lobe, divided into fimbriate fringes on mid-lobe, white tinged purplish red; spur usually curving forward, cylindric or slightly clavate, 3-3.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Column 4-5 mm, without a column foot. Capsule pendulous, ellipsoid, 25-30 × ca. 10 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jun. 2n = 42, 48, 56.
Grassy places in open forests, open slopes, disturbed grasslands, forests along sandy beaches, coastal grasslands; 900-2100 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
