短棒石斛Dendrobium capillipes Rchb.
别名:丝梗石斛;
科名:兰科 Orchidaceae
属名:石斛属 Dendrobium
《中国植物志》第19卷094页
20. 短棒石斛(植物分类学报)丝梗石斛(云南种子植物名录)
Dendrobium capillipes Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. : 997. 1867; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 751. 1890; Finet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 45: 411. 1898; Hook. in Bot. Mag. 125: t. 7639. 1899; Kraenzl. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 45 (IV, 50. II. B. 21): 65. 1910; Z. H. Tsi in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18 (4): 438. 1980; Seidenf. in Opera Bot. 83: 50, fig. 24. 1985; Averyanov, Vasc. Pl. Syn. Vietnam. Fl. 1: 67. 1990; Seidenf., l. c. 114: 229. 1992; Averyanov, Iden. Guide Vietnam. Orch.: 189. 1994; Z. H. Tsi et S. C. Chen in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33 (3): 291. 1995; Z. H. Tsi, S. C. Chen et K. Mori, Wild Orch. China: 66. pl. 74. 1997.
茎肉质状,近扁的纺锤形,长8-15厘米,中部粗约1.5厘米,不分枝,具多数钝的纵条棱和少数节间。叶2-4枚近茎端着生,革质,狭长圆形,通常长10-12厘米,宽1-1.5厘米,先端稍钝并且具斜凹缺,基部扩大为抱茎的鞘。总状花序通常从落了叶的老茎中部发出,近直立,长12-15厘米,疏生2至数朵花;花序柄基部被2-3枚膜质鞘;花苞片浅白色,小,卵形,长约5毫米,宽3毫米,先端锐尖;花梗和子房淡黄绿色,长约2厘米;花金黄色,开展;中萼片卵状披针形,长1.2厘米,中部宽5毫米,先端急尖,具3条脉;侧萼片与中萼片近等大;萼囊近长圆形,长约4毫米,末端圆钝;花瓣卵状椭圆形,长1.5厘米,宽9毫米,先端稍钝,具4条脉;唇瓣的颜色比萼片和花瓣深,近肾形,长2厘米,宽2.5厘米,先端微凹,基部两侧围抱蕊柱并且两侧具紫红色条纹,边缘波状,两面密被短柔毛;蕊柱金黄色,长约4毫米;药帽多少呈塔状,前端边缘近截形并且有缺刻;药床宽阔,其两侧上缘具不整齐的细缺刻。花期3-5月。
产云南南部(勐腊、景洪、勐海、思茅、关坪)。生于海拔900-1450米的常绿阔叶林内树干上。分布于印度东北部、缅甸、泰国、老挝、越南。模式标本采自缅甸。
本种的花在体态和质地上酷似聚石斛 Dendrobium lindleyii Stendel., 但茎的形状不同,具2-4枚叶,可以区别。
形态特征:茎肉质状,近扁的纺锤形,长8—15厘米,中部粗约1.5厘米,不分枝,具多数钝的纵条棱和少数节间。叶2--4枚近茎端着生,革质,狭长圆形,通常长10—12厘米,宽1—1.5厘米,先端稍钝并且具斜凹缺,基部扩大为抱茎的鞘。总状花序通常从落了叶的老茎中部发出,近直立,长12—15厘米,疏生2至数朵花;花序柄基部被2—3枚膜质鞘;花苞片浅白色,小,卵形,长约5毫米,宽3毫米,先端锐尖;花梗和子房淡黄绿色,长约2厘米;花金黄色,开展;中萼片卵状披针形,长1.2厘米,中部宽5毫米,先端急尖,具3条脉;侧萼片与中萼片近等大;萼囊近长圆形,长约4毫米,末端圆钝;花瓣卵状椭圆形,长1.5厘米,宽9毫米,先端稍钝,具4条脉;唇瓣的颜色比萼片和花瓣深,近肾形,长2厘米,宽2.5厘米,先端微凹,基部两侧围抱蕊柱并且两侧具紫红色条纹,边缘波状:两面密被短柔毛;蕊柱金黄色,长约4毫米;药帽多少呈塔状,前端边缘近截形并且有缺刻;药床宽阔,其两侧上缘具不整齐的细缺刻。 花期3—5月。
产地分布:产云南南部(勐腊、景洪、勐海、思茅、关坪)。生于海拔900—1450米的常绿阔叶林内树干上。分布于印度东北部、缅甸、泰国、老挝、越南。模式标本采自缅甸。
本种提示:本种的花在体态和质地上酷似聚石斛Dendrobium lindleyii Stendel一但茎的形状不同,具2—4枚叶,可以区别。
参考文献:Dendrobium capiilipes Rchb.F.In Gard.Chron.:997.1867;Hook.F.,F1.Brit.Ind.5:751.1890;Finet in Bull.Soc.Bot.France 45:411.1898;Hook.InBot.Mag.125:t.7639.1899;Kraenzl.In Engler,Pflanzenr.45(Ⅳ,50.Ⅱ.B.21):65.1910;Z.H.Tsi in Acta Phytotax.Sin.18(4):438.1980;Seidenf.InOpera Bot.83:50,fig.24.1985;Averyanov,Vasc.P1.Syn.Vietnam.Fl.1:67.1990;Seidenf,1.C.14:229. 1992;Averyanov, Iden. Guide Vietnam.Orch.:189.1994;Z.H.Tsi et S C.Chen in Acta Phytotax.Sin.33(3):291.1995;Z.H.Tsi,S.C.Chen et K.Mori,Wild orch.China:66.P1.74.1997.
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Dendrobium capillipes H. G. Reichenbach Gard. Chron. 1867: 997. 1867.
短棒石斛 duan bang shi hu
Callista capillipes (H. G. Reichenbach) Kuntze.
Stems nearly compressed fusiform, 8-15 cm, at middle ca. 1.5 cm in diam., fleshy, unbranched, with many obtuse longitudinal ridges and few internodes. Leaves 2-4, near apex of stem, narrowly oblong, usually 10-12 × 1-1.5 cm, leathery, base dilated into clasping sheaths, apex slightly obtuse and obliquely emarginate. Inflorescences from old leafless stems, suberect, 12-15 cm, laxly 2- to several flowered; peduncle with 2 or 3 sheaths at base, membranous; floral bracts pale white, ovate, small, ca. 5 × 3 mm, apex acute. Pedicel and ovary pale yellowish green, ca. 2 cm. Flowers spreading; sepals and petals golden yellow, lip a deeper hue, with purplish red stripes, column golden yellow. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, ca. 12 mm, ca. 5 mm wide at middle, 3-veined, apex acute; lateral sepals nearly equal in size to dorsal sepal; mentum oblong, ca. 4 mm, obtuse-rounded. Petals ovate-elliptic, ca. 15 × 9 mm, 4-veined, apex slightly obtuse; lip subensiform, ca. 20 × 25 mm, both surfaces densely pubescent, embracing column on both sides at base, margin undulate, apex emarginate. Column ca. 4 mm; anther cap ± tower-shaped, front margin subtruncate and notched; clinandrium broad, both lateral upper margins irregularly notched.
Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen broad-leaved forests; 900-1500 m. S Yunnan [NE India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].
A related Indochinese species, Dendrobium braianense Gagnepain (Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10. 436. 1938), originally described from Vietnam and treated in synonymy under D. capillipes by Seidenfaden (Opera Bot. 114: 229. 1992), is a showier, more floriferous plant. This entity reappeared in markets in Thailand in the 1990s and was treated as a distinct species by H. P. Wood (Dendrobiums, 599-600. 2006), with D. capillipes var. elegans H. G. Reichenbach and D. ejirii T. Yukawa in synonymy. H. P. Wood believes that D. braianense may not occur in China, although he included Yunnan within its distribution in his book (loc. cit.: 600). A brief description is provided here for comparison with D. capillipes: stem pseudobulbous, slightly clavate, to 17 × 1.5 cm, variably deciduous; leaf ca. 10 × 2.5 cm; inflorescences borne on last year’s leafy or leafless stems, sometimes on older stems; racemes lateral, up to 3 per stem, arching, up to 7-flowered (bloom may repeat at a different node); flowers ca. 4 cm in diam.; anther cap pointed.A related Indochinese species, Dendrobium braianense Gagnepain (Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 10. 436. 1938), originally described from Vietnam and treated in synonymy under D. capillipes by Seidenfaden (Opera Bot. 114: 229. 1992), is a showier, more floriferous plant. This entity reappeared in markets in Thailand in the 1990s and was treated as a distinct species by H. P. Wood (Dendrobiums, 599-600. 2006), with D. capillipes var. elegans H. G. Reichenbach and D. ejirii T. Yukawa in synonymy. H. P. Wood believes that D. braianense may not occur in China, although he included Yunnan within its distribution in his book (loc. cit.: 600). A brief description is provided here for comparison with D. capillipes: stem pseudobulbous, slightly clavate, to 17 × 1.5 cm, variably deciduous; leaf ca. 10 × 2.5 cm; inflorescences borne on last year’s leafy or leafless stems, sometimes on older stems; racemes lateral, up to 3 per stem, arching, up to 7-flowered (bloom may repeat at a different node); flowers ca. 4 cm in diam.; anther cap pointed.
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