金兰Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Bl.
金兰Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Bl.
6.金兰（日本植物图鉴）
Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Bl. , Orch. Arch. Ind. 187. t. 68. fig. 1. 1858; Rolfe in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 48. 1903; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 151. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (3-4) : 212. 1972;中国高等植物图鉴5: 650.图8129. 1976;安徽植物志5: 536 1992;浙江植物志7: 516. 1993; 福建植物志6: 655. 图581. 1995. ——Serapias falcata Thunb. ex A. Murray in L. , Syst. Veg. ed. 14. , 816. 1784.——Epipactis falcata Sw. in Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 21: 232. 1800.——Cephalanthera japonica A. Gray in M. C. Perry, Exp. Jap. 2: 319. 1856. ——Cephalanthera platycheila Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 3: 335. 1845. ——Cephalanthera elegans Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 58. 1919. ——Cephalanthera raymondiae Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 342. 1922.
地生草本，高20-50厘米。茎直立，下部具3-5枚长1-5厘米的鞘。叶4-7枚；叶片椭圆形、椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长5-11厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，先端渐尖或钝，基部收狭并抱茎。总状花序长3-8厘米，通常有5-10朵花；花苞片很小，长1-2毫米，最下面的1枚非叶状，长度不超过花梗和子房；花黄色，直立，稍微张开；萼片菱状椭圆形，长1.2-1.5厘米，宽3.5-4.5毫米，先端钝或急尖，具5脉；花瓣与萼片相似，但较短，一般长1-1.2厘米；唇瓣长8-9毫米，3裂，基部有距；侧裂片三角形，多少围抱蕊柱；中裂片近扁圆形，长约5毫米，宽8-9毫米，上面具5-7条纵褶片，中央的3条较高（0.5-1毫米），近顶端处密生乳突；距圆锥形，长约3毫米，明显伸出侧萼片基部之外，先端钝；蕊柱长6-7毫米，顶端稍扩大。蒴果狭椭圆状，长2-2.5厘米，宽5-6毫米。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。
产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南、广东北部、广西北部、四川和贵州。生于海拔700-1600米的林下、灌丛中、草地上或沟谷旁。日本和朝鲜半岛也有分布。模式标本采自日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Cephalanthera falcata (Thunberg) Blume Coll. Orchid. 187. 1859.
金兰 jin lan
Serapias falcata Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 816. 1784; Cephalanthera bijiangensis S. C. Chen; C. japonica A. Gray; C. platycheila H. G. Reichenbach; C. raymondiae Schlechter; Cymbidium falcatum (Thunberg) Swartz; Epipactis falcata (Thunberg) Swartz; Pelexia falcata (Thunberg) Sprengel; P. japonica Sprengel.
Plants leafy, autotrophic, 20-50 cm tall. Stem slender to somewhat robust, 4-7-leaved. Basal sheaths 3-5, 1-5 cm. Leaves elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 5-11 × 1.5-3.5 cm, apex acuminate to obtuse. Inflorescence subdensely 5-10-flowered; rachis 3-8 cm; floral bracts usually very small, 1-3 mm and all shorter than ovary, though occasionally lower one to 12 mm and exceeding ovary. Flowers suberect, weakly spreading, yellow; pedicel and ovary straight to slightly curved, 7-15 mm. Sepals rhombic-elliptic, 12-15 × 3.5-4.5 mm, 5-veined, apex obtuse to acute. Petals similar to sepals but shorter, 8-12 × 2.5-4.5 mm, apex obtuse to acute; lip suberect, 8-9 mm, spurred at base, 2-partite; hypochile lobes erect and loosely embracing column, triangular to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 mm, apex subacute; epichile transversely elliptic, ca. 5 × 8-9 mm, densely papillose toward apex, with 5-7 brownish orange lamellae; central 3 lamellae 0.5-1 mm tall, outer lamellae shorter; spur protruding between bases of lateral sepals, conic, sometimes slightly incurved, ca. 3 mm, apex obtuse. Column 6-7 mm, apex dilated, with 2 ovate wings; anther elliptic, ca. 2 mm. Capsule narrowly elliptic, 2-2.5 × 0.5-0.6 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 34.
Forests, grasslands, valleys, along streams; 700-2000 m. Anhui, N Fujian, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, W Yunnan (Bijiang), Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Cephalanthera bijiangensis, described as a species endemic to Yunnan (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 472. 1987), was distinguished from C. falcata only by the length of the lowest floral bract, which exceeds the ovary. Though the floral bracts of C. falcata are frequently all short (to ca. 3 mm), several collections seen from Japan indicate that plants of this species do occasionally have a foliaceous lower floral bract that exceeds the ovary. As such, it seems unjustifiable to maintain C. bijiangensis as distinct, and it is here treated as a synonym of C. falcata, with which it agrees in other respects.Cephalanthera bijiangensis, described as a species endemic to Yunnan (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 472. 1987), was distinguished from C. falcata only by the length of the lowest floral bract, which exceeds the ovary. Though the floral bracts of C. falcata are frequently all short (to ca. 3 mm), several collections seen from Japan indicate that plants of this species do occasionally have a foliaceous lower floral bract that exceeds the ovary. As such, it seems unjustifiable to maintain C. bijiangensis as distinct, and it is here treated as a synonym of C. falcata, with which it agrees in other respects.
【来源】 兰科金兰Cephalanthera falcata （Thunb.） Blume，以全草入药。
【生境分布】 湖北、湖南、四川、华东。
【功能主治】 清热，泻火。主治喉痛，牙痛。
【用法用量】 鲜全草1两，水煎后加白糖服。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：镰叶头蕊兰;头蕊兰;黄花银兰;
科名：兰科 Orchidaceae
属名：头蕊兰属 Cephalanthera
6.金兰（日本植物图鉴）
Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Bl. , Orch. Arch. Ind. 187. t. 68. fig. 1. 1858; Rolfe in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 48. 1903; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 151. 1919; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (3-4) : 212. 1972;中国高等植物图鉴5: 650.图8129. 1976;安徽植物志5: 536 1992;浙江植物志7: 516. 1993; 福建植物志6: 655. 图581. 1995. ——Serapias falcata Thunb. ex A. Murray in L. , Syst. Veg. ed. 14. , 816. 1784.——Epipactis falcata Sw. in Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 21: 232. 1800.——Cephalanthera japonica A. Gray in M. C. Perry, Exp. Jap. 2: 319. 1856. ——Cephalanthera platycheila Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 3: 335. 1845. ——Cephalanthera elegans Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 58. 1919. ——Cephalanthera raymondiae Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 342. 1922.
地生草本，高20-50厘米。茎直立，下部具3-5枚长1-5厘米的鞘。叶4-7枚；叶片椭圆形、椭圆状披针形或卵状披针形，长5-11厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，先端渐尖或钝，基部收狭并抱茎。总状花序长3-8厘米，通常有5-10朵花；花苞片很小，长1-2毫米，最下面的1枚非叶状，长度不超过花梗和子房；花黄色，直立，稍微张开；萼片菱状椭圆形，长1.2-1.5厘米，宽3.5-4.5毫米，先端钝或急尖，具5脉；花瓣与萼片相似，但较短，一般长1-1.2厘米；唇瓣长8-9毫米，3裂，基部有距；侧裂片三角形，多少围抱蕊柱；中裂片近扁圆形，长约5毫米，宽8-9毫米，上面具5-7条纵褶片，中央的3条较高（0.5-1毫米），近顶端处密生乳突；距圆锥形，长约3毫米，明显伸出侧萼片基部之外，先端钝；蕊柱长6-7毫米，顶端稍扩大。蒴果狭椭圆状，长2-2.5厘米，宽5-6毫米。花期4-5月，果期8-9月。
产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南、广东北部、广西北部、四川和贵州。生于海拔700-1600米的林下、灌丛中、草地上或沟谷旁。日本和朝鲜半岛也有分布。模式标本采自日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 25 (2009)
Cephalanthera falcata (Thunberg) Blume Coll. Orchid. 187. 1859.
金兰 jin lan
Serapias falcata Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 816. 1784; Cephalanthera bijiangensis S. C. Chen; C. japonica A. Gray; C. platycheila H. G. Reichenbach; C. raymondiae Schlechter; Cymbidium falcatum (Thunberg) Swartz; Epipactis falcata (Thunberg) Swartz; Pelexia falcata (Thunberg) Sprengel; P. japonica Sprengel.
Plants leafy, autotrophic, 20-50 cm tall. Stem slender to somewhat robust, 4-7-leaved. Basal sheaths 3-5, 1-5 cm. Leaves elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 5-11 × 1.5-3.5 cm, apex acuminate to obtuse. Inflorescence subdensely 5-10-flowered; rachis 3-8 cm; floral bracts usually very small, 1-3 mm and all shorter than ovary, though occasionally lower one to 12 mm and exceeding ovary. Flowers suberect, weakly spreading, yellow; pedicel and ovary straight to slightly curved, 7-15 mm. Sepals rhombic-elliptic, 12-15 × 3.5-4.5 mm, 5-veined, apex obtuse to acute. Petals similar to sepals but shorter, 8-12 × 2.5-4.5 mm, apex obtuse to acute; lip suberect, 8-9 mm, spurred at base, 2-partite; hypochile lobes erect and loosely embracing column, triangular to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 mm, apex subacute; epichile transversely elliptic, ca. 5 × 8-9 mm, densely papillose toward apex, with 5-7 brownish orange lamellae; central 3 lamellae 0.5-1 mm tall, outer lamellae shorter; spur protruding between bases of lateral sepals, conic, sometimes slightly incurved, ca. 3 mm, apex obtuse. Column 6-7 mm, apex dilated, with 2 ovate wings; anther elliptic, ca. 2 mm. Capsule narrowly elliptic, 2-2.5 × 0.5-0.6 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 34.
Forests, grasslands, valleys, along streams; 700-2000 m. Anhui, N Fujian, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, W Yunnan (Bijiang), Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Cephalanthera bijiangensis, described as a species endemic to Yunnan (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 472. 1987), was distinguished from C. falcata only by the length of the lowest floral bract, which exceeds the ovary. Though the floral bracts of C. falcata are frequently all short (to ca. 3 mm), several collections seen from Japan indicate that plants of this species do occasionally have a foliaceous lower floral bract that exceeds the ovary. As such, it seems unjustifiable to maintain C. bijiangensis as distinct, and it is here treated as a synonym of C. falcata, with which it agrees in other respects.Cephalanthera bijiangensis, described as a species endemic to Yunnan (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 472. 1987), was distinguished from C. falcata only by the length of the lowest floral bract, which exceeds the ovary. Though the floral bracts of C. falcata are frequently all short (to ca. 3 mm), several collections seen from Japan indicate that plants of this species do occasionally have a foliaceous lower floral bract that exceeds the ovary. As such, it seems unjustifiable to maintain C. bijiangensis as distinct, and it is here treated as a synonym of C. falcata, with which it agrees in other respects.
《全国中草药汇编》:金兰
【来源】 兰科金兰Cephalanthera falcata （Thunb.） Blume，以全草入药。
【生境分布】 湖北、湖南、四川、华东。
【功能主治】 清热，泻火。主治喉痛，牙痛。
【用法用量】 鲜全草1两，水煎后加白糖服。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
