野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum Linn.

别名：flower of an hour;和尚头;野蒌秧子;野西瓜;葛菜;野棉花;打瓜花;灯笼草;灯笼花;灯笼棵;灯笼炮;灯笼泡;圆叶锦葵;沙灯笼;葛莱;花球英;火炮草;老头儿秧;美妇人;秋葵子;灯泡果;灯笼泡子;山西瓜秧子;野芝麻;牛木槿;地灯笼;冬葵;胡起莫;香铃草;黑芝麻;洋桃贤;山西瓜秧;野西瓜秧;野篓秧子;野西瓜儿苗;山老太太;塔古-诺高;野白芪;山西瓜苗;小秋葵;西瓜花;天泡草;山西瓜;野棉桃;

科名：锦葵科 Malvaceae

属名：木槿属 Hibiscus

《中国植物志》第49(2)卷086页
  22．野西瓜苗（救荒本草）香铃草、灯笼花（云南昆明），小秋葵（贵州贵阳），黑芝麻（云南曲靖），火炮草（云南红河）
  Hibiscus trionum Linn. Sp. Pl. 697, 1753; Cavan. Diss. 3: 171, t. 64, f. 1, 1787; DC. Prodr. 1: 453, 1824; Masters in Hook. f. , Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 334, 1874; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 59, 1884; in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (5): 211, 1883; Pl. Delav. 107, 1889; Forbes & Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 88, 1886 (Ind. Fl. Sin. 1) ; Gurcke & Diels in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 469, 1900; Gilg in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 34: 52, 1904; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 33, 1907 (Fl. Mansh. 3); Hayata Ic. Pl. Formosa: 98, 1911; Juss. in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 1: 117, 1912; Dunn & Tutch. in Kew Bull. add. ser. 10, 48, 1912 (Fl. Kwangt. Hongk.) ; Ulbrich ex Loes. in Beih. Bot. Contralbl. 37 (2): 156, 1919; Limpricht in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 437, 1922; Liu in Bull. Peking Soc. Nat. Hist. 2 (3): 132, 1928; Hsia in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: 59, 1931; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 609, 1935; 贾祖璋, 中国植物图鉴438, 图744, 1937; Garven Wild Fl. N. China 66, f. 68, 1937; 崔友文, 华北经济植物志要313, 1953; S. Y. Hu Fl. China Family 153: 57, pl. 19-4, 1955; 昆明植物研究所, 云南植物志2: 232, 1979. ——Hibiscus africanus Miller Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Hib. 1768.-Hibiscus hispi. dus Miller l. c. f. 2; DC. Prodr. 1: 453, 1824.——Hibiscus ternatus Cavan. l. c. f. 3 .——Trionum annuum Medicus Malv. 47, 1787. ——Hibiscus trionum var. ternatus DC. l. c.
  一年生直立或平卧草本，高25-70厘米，茎柔软，被白色星状粗毛。叶二型，下部的叶圆形，不分裂，上部的叶掌状3-5深裂，直径3-6厘米，中裂片较长，两侧裂片较短，裂片倒卵形至长圆形，通常羽状全裂，上面疏被粗硬毛或无毛，下面疏被星状粗刺毛；叶柄长2-4厘米，被星状粗硬毛和星状柔毛；托叶线形，长约7毫米，被星状粗硬毛。花单生于叶腋，花梗长约2.5厘米，果时延长达4厘米，被星状粗硬毛；小苞片12，线形，长约8毫米，被粗长硬毛，基部合生；花萼钟形，淡绿色，长1.5-2厘米，被粗长硬毛或星状粗长硬毛，裂片5，膜质，三角形，具纵向紫色条纹，中部以上合生；花淡黄色，内面基部紫色，直径2-3厘米，花瓣5，倒卵形，长约2厘米，外面疏被极细柔毛；雄蕊柱长约5毫米，花丝纤细，长约3毫米，花药黄色；花柱枝5，无毛。蒴果长圆状球形，直径约1厘米，被粗硬毛，果爿5，果皮薄，黑色；种子肾形，黑色，具腺状突起。花期7-10月。
  产全国各地，无论平原、山野、丘陵或田埂，处处有之，是常见的田间杂草。原产非洲中部，分布欧洲至亚洲各地。
  全草和果实、种子作药用，治烫伤、烧伤、急性关节炎等。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Hibiscus trionum  Linnaeus
野西瓜苗   ye xi gua miao
Trionum annuum Medikus.
Herbs annual, erect or procumbent, 25-70 cm tall; stems slender, white stellate hirsute. Stipules filiform, ca. 7 mm, stellate coarsely hirsute; petiole 2-4 cm, stellate hirsute and stellate puberulent; leaf blade 3-6 cm in diam., dimorphic; blades on proximal part of stem orbicular, those on distal part of stem palmately 3-5-lobed, central lobe longer, lateral lobes shorter, lobes obovate to oblong, usually pinnate, sparsely stellate spiny hairy abaxially, sparsely hirsute or glabrous adaxially. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel ca. 2.5 cm, elongated to 4 cm in fruiting, stellate hirsute. Epicalyx lobes 12, filiform, connate at base, ca. 8 mm, hirsute. Calyx greenish, campanulate, swollen, connate for ca. 1/2 length, 1.5-2 cm, membranous, long hirsute or stellate hirsute, lobes 5, triangular, longitudinally purple-veined. Corolla very pale yellow with purple center, 2-3 cm in diam.; petals 5, obovate, ca. 2 cm, abaxially sparsely very minutely puberulent. Staminal column ca. 5 mm; filaments slender, free for ca. 3 mm; anthers yellow. Styles 5, glabrous. Capsule oblong-globose, ca. 1 cm in diam., coarsely hirsute; mericarps 5, endocarp black, thin, exocarp papery. Seeds black, reniform, glandularly verrucose. Fl. Jul-Oct.
Ruderal weed. Throughout China [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; pantropical].