轮叶黄精Polygonatum verticillatum (Linn.) All.
轮叶黄精Polygonatum verticillatum (Linn.) All.
23.轮叶黄精 红果黄精（中药志），地吊（四川）图版24：l-2
Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 131. 1875. ——Convallaria verticillata L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 315. 1753.——P. kansuense Maxim. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 11: 493. 1891.——P. erythrocarpum Hua in Journ. de Bot. 6: 424. 1892.——P. bulbosum Levl. in Rep. Sp. Nov. Fedde 11: 302. 1912. ——P. minutiflorum Levl. in Bull. Geogr. Bot. 25: 38. 1915,
根状茎的“节间”长2-3厘米，一头粗，一头较细，粗的一头有短分枝，直径7-15毫米，少有根状茎为连珠状。茎高（20-)40-80厘米。叶通常为3叶轮生，或间有少数对生或互生的，少有全株为对生的，矩圆状披针形（长6-10厘米，宽2-3厘米）至条状披针形或条形??（长达10厘米，宽仅5毫米），先端尖至渐尖。花单朵或2-(3-4）朵成花序，总花梗长1-2厘米，花梗（指生于花序上的）长3-10毫米，俯垂；苞片一不存在，或微小而生于花梗上；花被淡黄色或淡紫色，全长8-12毫米，裂片长2-3毫米；花丝长0.5-1（-2）毫米，花药长约2.5毫米；子房长约3毫米，具约与之等长或稍短的花柱。浆果红色，直径6-9毫米，具6-12颗种子。花期5-6月，果期8-10月。
产西藏（东部和南部）、云南（西北部）、四川（西部）、青海（东北部）、甘肃（东南部）、陕西（南部）、山西（西部）。生林下或山坡草地，海拔2100-4000米。欧洲经西南亚至尼泊尔、不丹均有分布。
根状茎也作黄精用。
本种是一个具有极多变异类型的种，几乎不能用单个性状和其临近的种相区别，而各种变异的相关性至今尚难掌握。据报告，本种的体细胞的染色体数目可为24、28、30、 60、 64、84、约90，其染色体数目的变异幅度既然如此之大，其它性状的变异当在意料之中。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Polygonatum verticillatum (Linnaeus) Allioni
轮叶黄精 lun ye huang jing
Convallaria verticillata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 315. 1753; Polygonatum erythrocarpum Hua; P. kansuense Maximowicz ex Batalin; P. minutiflorum H. Léveillé.
Rhizome usually shortly branched, usually tuberous terete, very rarely moniliform, 0.7--1.5 cm thick. Stem erect, (20--)40--80 cm, glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3, occasionally alternate near base of stem, sometimes opposite near apex of stem, subsessile, oblong-lanceolate to linear, 6--10 × 0.5--3 cm, apex acute to acuminate, not cirrose. Inflorescences 1- or 2(--4)-flowered; peduncle 1--2 cm; bracts small or absent. Flowers pendulous; pedicel 3--10 mm. Perianth pale purple (or white or pale yellow, but probably only when dry), cylindric, 0.8--1.2 cm; lobes 2--3 mm. Filaments 0.5--1(--2) mm, papillose; anthers ca. 2.5 mm. Ovary ca. 3 mm. Style 2.5--3 mm. Berries red, 6--9 mm in diam., 6--12-seeded. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug--Oct. 2 n = (24), 28, 30, (56*), 60, (64, 66, 84), ca. 90.
Forests, grassy slopes; 2100--4000 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim; SW Asia, Europe].
Rudolf Kamelin (pers. comm.) believes that Polygonatum verticillatum is absent from China, and that the plants there are instead P. kansuense ( P. erythrocarpum). In SW Asia and Europe, P. verticillatum has leaves in whorls of 5--7, inflorescences mostly 3- or 4-flowered, perianth white, and berries dark blue-green (although one of us (Tamura) has collected P. verticillatum with orange berries in S Denmark: Tamura & Kubitzki 3425 (KYO)). Tamura considers that P. verticillatum of the present sense may be a species in which different lineages are lumped. However, Chen and Tamura together decided to maintain the present circumscription until sufficient morphological variation data have accumulated. Kamelin also notes that Polygonatum minutiflorum, regarded here as a synonym of P. verticillatum may instead be synonymous with P. gracile in which case the former name, published in 1915, would have priority.
别名：羊角参;老虎姜;黄精;地吊;布力乌日-冒呼日-查干;罗尼;红果黄精;玉竹参;苦玉竹;
科名：百合科 Liliaceae
属名：黄精属 Polygonatum
23.轮叶黄精 红果黄精（中药志），地吊（四川）图版24：l-2
Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 131. 1875. ——Convallaria verticillata L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 315. 1753.——P. kansuense Maxim. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 11: 493. 1891.——P. erythrocarpum Hua in Journ. de Bot. 6: 424. 1892.——P. bulbosum Levl. in Rep. Sp. Nov. Fedde 11: 302. 1912. ——P. minutiflorum Levl. in Bull. Geogr. Bot. 25: 38. 1915,
根状茎的“节间”长2-3厘米，一头粗，一头较细，粗的一头有短分枝，直径7-15毫米，少有根状茎为连珠状。茎高（20-)40-80厘米。叶通常为3叶轮生，或间有少数对生或互生的，少有全株为对生的，矩圆状披针形（长6-10厘米，宽2-3厘米）至条状披针形或条形??（长达10厘米，宽仅5毫米），先端尖至渐尖。花单朵或2-(3-4）朵成花序，总花梗长1-2厘米，花梗（指生于花序上的）长3-10毫米，俯垂；苞片一不存在，或微小而生于花梗上；花被淡黄色或淡紫色，全长8-12毫米，裂片长2-3毫米；花丝长0.5-1（-2）毫米，花药长约2.5毫米；子房长约3毫米，具约与之等长或稍短的花柱。浆果红色，直径6-9毫米，具6-12颗种子。花期5-6月，果期8-10月。
产西藏（东部和南部）、云南（西北部）、四川（西部）、青海（东北部）、甘肃（东南部）、陕西（南部）、山西（西部）。生林下或山坡草地，海拔2100-4000米。欧洲经西南亚至尼泊尔、不丹均有分布。
根状茎也作黄精用。
本种是一个具有极多变异类型的种，几乎不能用单个性状和其临近的种相区别，而各种变异的相关性至今尚难掌握。据报告，本种的体细胞的染色体数目可为24、28、30、 60、 64、84、约90，其染色体数目的变异幅度既然如此之大，其它性状的变异当在意料之中。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Polygonatum verticillatum (Linnaeus) Allioni
轮叶黄精 lun ye huang jing
Convallaria verticillata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 315. 1753; Polygonatum erythrocarpum Hua; P. kansuense Maximowicz ex Batalin; P. minutiflorum H. Léveillé.
Rhizome usually shortly branched, usually tuberous terete, very rarely moniliform, 0.7--1.5 cm thick. Stem erect, (20--)40--80 cm, glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3, occasionally alternate near base of stem, sometimes opposite near apex of stem, subsessile, oblong-lanceolate to linear, 6--10 × 0.5--3 cm, apex acute to acuminate, not cirrose. Inflorescences 1- or 2(--4)-flowered; peduncle 1--2 cm; bracts small or absent. Flowers pendulous; pedicel 3--10 mm. Perianth pale purple (or white or pale yellow, but probably only when dry), cylindric, 0.8--1.2 cm; lobes 2--3 mm. Filaments 0.5--1(--2) mm, papillose; anthers ca. 2.5 mm. Ovary ca. 3 mm. Style 2.5--3 mm. Berries red, 6--9 mm in diam., 6--12-seeded. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Aug--Oct. 2 n = (24), 28, 30, (56*), 60, (64, 66, 84), ca. 90.
Forests, grassy slopes; 2100--4000 m. Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim; SW Asia, Europe].
Rudolf Kamelin (pers. comm.) believes that Polygonatum verticillatum is absent from China, and that the plants there are instead P. kansuense ( P. erythrocarpum). In SW Asia and Europe, P. verticillatum has leaves in whorls of 5--7, inflorescences mostly 3- or 4-flowered, perianth white, and berries dark blue-green (although one of us (Tamura) has collected P. verticillatum with orange berries in S Denmark: Tamura & Kubitzki 3425 (KYO)). Tamura considers that P. verticillatum of the present sense may be a species in which different lineages are lumped. However, Chen and Tamura together decided to maintain the present circumscription until sufficient morphological variation data have accumulated. Kamelin also notes that Polygonatum minutiflorum, regarded here as a synonym of P. verticillatum may instead be synonymous with P. gracile in which case the former name, published in 1915, would have priority.
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