栏目

伊贝母Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk

伊贝母Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk

别名:贝母;新疆贝母;伊贝;伊犁贝母;伊犁-努格图如-额布斯;伊力贝母;

科名:百合科 Liliaceae

属名:贝母属 Fritillaria

《中国植物志》第14卷101页
  1. 伊贝母 图版24: 1-6
  Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk in Fisch. et Mey. , Enum. Pl. Nov. 1: 5. 1842; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 259. 1875; et in Bot. Mag. t. 6725. 1883; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 461, 图7752. 1976.
  植株长30-60厘米。鳞茎由2枚鳞片组成,直径1.5-3-5厘米,鳞片上端延伸为长的膜质物,鳞茎皮较厚。叶通常散生,有时近对生或近轮生,但最下面的决非真正的对生或轮生,从下向上由狭卵形至披针形,长5-12厘米,宽1-3厘米,先端不卷曲。花1-4朵,淡黄色,内有暗红色斑点,每花有1-2(-3)枚叶状苞片,苞片先端不卷曲;花被片匙状矩圆形,长3.7-4.5厘米,宽1.2-1.6厘米,外三片明显宽于内三片,蜜腺窝在背面明显凸出;雄蕊长约为花被片的2/3,花药近基着,蒴花丝无乳突;柱头裂片长约2毫米。蒴果棱上有宽翅。花期5月。
  产新疆西北部(伊宁、绥定、霍城)。生于海拔1300-1780米的林下或草坡上。也分布于苏联中亚地区。
  本种是药材“伊贝”的主要来源。据朱子清、陆仁荣的研究(化学学报21: 241. 1955),西贝母中含生物硷西贝素(Sipeimine)。他们所指的西贝母原植物,可能就是本种,或者还包括新疆产的其他贝母种类。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Fritillaria pallidiflora  Schrenk ex Fischer & C. A. Meyer
伊贝母   yi bei mu
Fritillaria bolensis G. Z. Zhang & Y. M. Liu; F. halabulanica X. Z. Duan & X. J. Zheng; F. pallidiflora var. plena X. Z. Duan & X. J. Zheng.
Bulb of 2 scales, ovoid or oblong-ovoid, 1--4 cm in diam.; tunic rather thick. Stem 15--45(--60) cm. Leaves 8--13, alternate, sometimes also subopposite or subwhorled; leaf blade broadly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 5--7(--12) × 2--4 cm, apex obtuse. Inflorescence (1 or)2--5-flowered; bract solitary, apex acuminate. Flowers nodding, campanulate; pedicel 2--4.5 cm. Tepals pale yellow, with darker veins and some dark red spots, oblong-obovate or oblong-spatulate, 3--5 × 1.5--2 cm; nectaries ovate-oblong, deeply concave adaxially, projecting at a right angle abaxially. Stamens 2--3.5 cm; filaments glabrous; anthers subdorsifixed. Style 3-lobed; lobes ca. 2 mm. Capsule broadly winged; wings 4--7 mm wide. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Sep. 2 n = 24*.
Forests, thickets, meadows, grassy slopes, mountain steppes; 1300--2500 m. NW Xinjiang [Kazakhstan].
This species is cultivated in NE China, and the bulbs are used medicinally.

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