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轮叶贝母Fritillaria maximowiczii Freyn

轮叶贝母Fritillaria maximowiczii Freyn

别名:一轮贝母;努格图如-额布斯;尼贝扎瓦;一轮贝;马氏贝母;多轮贝母;贝母;努格图如-额布苏;北贝;

科名:百合科 Liliaceae

属名:贝母属 Fritillaria

《中国植物志》第14卷114页
  19. 轮叶贝母 一轮贝母(中药志)图版28: 2
  Fritillaria maximowiczii Freyn in Ost. Bot. Zeitschr. 53: 21. 1903, pro subsp.; A. Los. in Fl. URSS 4: 320. 1935; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表574, 图版216, 图5. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴 5: 460, 图7749. 1976.——F. kamtschtensis auct. non (L.) Fisch, 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表574, 图版216,图1, 1959.——F. dagana auct. non Turcz. : C. H. Wright in Journ Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 137. 1903.
  植株长27-54厘米。鳞茎由4-5枚或更多鳞片组成,周围又有许多米粒状小鳞片,直径1-2厘米,后者很容易脱落。叶条状或条状披针形,长4.5-10厘米,宽3-13毫米,先端不卷曲,通常每3-6枚排成一轮,极少为二轮,向上有时还有1-2枚散生叶。花单朵,少有2朵,紫色,稍有黄色小方格;叶状苞片1枚,先端不卷;花被片长3.5-4厘米,宽4-14毫米;雄蕊长约为花被片的3/5;花药近基着,花丝无小乳突;柱头裂片长6-6.5毫米。蒴果长1.6-2.2厘米,宽约2厘米,棱上的翅宽约4毫米。花期6月。果期不详。
  产河北北部(承德、东陵)、辽宁、吉林和黑龙江(博克图、喜桂嘉图)。生于海拔1400-1480米的山坡上。也分布于苏联西伯利亚东部和远东地区。
  本种通常具一轮叶,顶端具一朵花,鳞茎由多枚鳞片组成,极易识别。但在个别情况下也有具二轮叶的,《东北植物检索表》把它鉴定为多轮贝母 F. kamtschtensis Fisch.是不正确的。后者与本种有明显的区别(叶通常在3轮以上,宽约2.5厘米)。过去文献中也曾记载此种和 F. dagana Turcz. (见上面引证)产于我国,我们认为都是本种之误。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Fritillaria maximowiczii  Freyn
轮叶贝母   lun ye bei mu
Fritillaria maximowiczii f. flaviflora Q. S. Sun & H. C. Lo.
Bulb of 4--6 or more scales, 1--2 cm in diam., surrounded by many small bulbels usually detached during flowering. Stem 27--55 cm, slender, glabrous. Leaves 3--6 in 1 whorl (very rarely in 2 whorls) and occasionally 1 or 2 smaller leaves between whorl and flower; leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate, 4.5--10 cm × 3--13 mm, apex not cirrose. Inflorescence usually 1-flowered; bract 1. Flower nodding, campanulate; pedicel long. Tepals reddish adaxially, purplish violet abaxially, slightly or markedly tessellated with yellow, lanceolate-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 3.5--4 × 1--1.4 cm, margin erose, papillose; nectaries projecting abaxially. Stamens 2--2.5 cm; filaments glabrous. Style 3-lobed; lobes 6--8 mm. Capsule winged; wings ca. 4 mm wide. Fl. Jun. 2 n = 24.
Broad-leaved deciduous forests, moist and sandy places on forest margins, thickets, grassy slopes; 1400--1500 m. Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Russia (Far East, E Siberia)].

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