云南黄耆Astragalus yunnanensis Franch.
云南黄耆Astragalus yunnanensis Franch.
63. 云南黄耆（中国主要植物图说·豆科）图版37: 1-7
Astragalus yunnanensis Franch. Pl. Delav. 162. 1889; id. in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 160. 1912; Simps. in Not. Roy. Bor. Gard. Edinb 8: 256. 1915; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 556. 1933; Marq. et Airy-Shaw in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48: 172. 1929; Pet. -Stib. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 53. 1938; 中国主要植物图说·豆科392. 图380. 1955; 西藏植物志2: 821. 图267 (8-10). 1985, pro parte.
多年生草本。根粗壮。地上茎短缩。羽状复叶基生，近莲座状，有11-27片小叶，长6-15厘米；叶柄长1-3厘米，连同叶轴散生白色细柔毛；托叶离生，卵状披针形，长8-11毫米，下面及边缘散生白色细柔毛；小叶卵形或近圆形，长4-10毫米，宽4-7毫米，先端钝圆，有时有短尖头，基部圆形，上面无毛，下面被白色长柔毛。总状花序生5-12花，稍密集，下垂，偏向一边，总花梗生于基部叶腋，与叶近等长或较叶长，散生白色细柔毛，上部并混生棕色毛；苞片膜质，线状披针形，长5-8毫米，下面被白色长柔毛；花梗长1-3毫米，密被棕褐色柔毛；花萼狭钟状，长约14毫米，被褐色毛或混生少数白色长柔毛，萼齿狭披针形，与萼筒近等长；花冠黄色，旗瓣匙形，长20-22毫米，先端微凹，基部渐狭成瓣柄，翼瓣与旗瓣近等长，瓣片长圆形，基部具明显的耳，瓣柄与瓣片近等长，龙骨瓣较翼瓣短或近等长，瓣片半卵形，瓣柄与瓣片近等长；子房被长柔毛，有柄。荚果膜质，狭卵形，长约20毫米，宽8-10毫米，被褐色柔毛，果颈与萼筒近等长。花期7月。
产四川西部、云南西北部及西藏。生于海拔3000-4300米的山坡或草原上。模式标本采自云南丽江。
形态特征：云南黄芪是豆科多年生草本植物。主根粗大。茎极短。羽状复叶；小叶11-23，卵圆形，长约4-9 mm，宽4一6.5mm，上面近无毛，下面有白色柔毛。总状花序腋生；花冠桔黄色，长约2cm，子房有柄，被有白色长柔毛。荚果卵。6月下旬开花。与多枝黄芪极易区别，茎极短（图49）。
地理分布：云南、四川及西藏昌都地区。
生态特征：云南黄芪是横断山区高寒草甸的重要牧草之一，耐寒、耐旱能力均比多枝黄芪强。生于海拔3500一4800m的山坡、草地或流石滩上。这些地区年平均气温小于0℃，最热月份气温低于10℃，几乎全年皆为冬季，最低气温在一35℃以下。雨量小,雷暴雨多，5-9且为雨季，且多冰雹大风，霜雪全年可见。在这样恶劣的寒、旱气候环境中，云南黄芪仍然能正常生长。为了适应低温、高寒的气候，植株的茎变得极短，几乎无茎。7月开花，花茎、叶迅速生长，牧草生长期仅100天左右，到9月初即停止生长。
饲用价值：云南黄菌属优良牧草之一，枝叶丰茂，质地柔软，适口性良好，常年为各类家畜喜食。其营养成分见表49—1及表49一2。云南黄芪是横断山高寒地区很有栽培前途的豆科牧草，它可与披碱草、羊茅等禾本科牧草混播，作为人工草场及天然草场改良的重要草种之一。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
71. Astragalus yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 162. 1890.
云南黄耆 yun nan huang qi
Plants 15-25 cm tall, subacaulescent to shortly caulescent; hairs spreading, white, in inflorescence also blackish brown. Stems several, 1-10 cm, 1-3 mm thick, ascending to erect, gla-brous or in upper part sparsely to loosely hairy, in basal parts furnished with vaginate-connate whitish bracts. Leaves 5-16 cm; stipules 4-14 mm, lower ones widely ovate to elliptic, upper ones narrowly triangular, free, sparsely to loosely hairy; petiole 2-4.5 cm, like rachis glabrous or sparsely to loosely hairy; leaf-lets in 5-15 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 3-15 × 2.5-10 mm, abax-ially loosely to densely villous, sometimes only at midvein and margins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely to loosely, more rarely densely, villous, apex obtuse to acute, often with a distinct cusp 1-2 mm. Racemes 1-2.5 cm, rather densely 2-13-flowered, at fruiting time somewhat elongated up to 5 cm; peduncle 4-11 cm, mostly rather densely hairy; bracts 4-10 × 1-3 mm, mostly white hairy. Bracteoles sometimes present. Calyx 8-14.5 mm, densely hairy; teeth 4-7.5 mm. Petals pale yellow, sometimes slightly fading violet; standard widely elliptic to widely ovate, 14-21 × 7-13.5 mm, apex emarginate; wings 13-21 mm; keel 15-21 mm. Legumes with a stipe 3.5-8 mm, narrowly or widely ellipsoid, 12-23 mm, 6-8 mm high, keeled ventrally and dor-sally, with a beak 2-3 mm; valves densely to rather densely covered with spreading white and black hairs.Gansu, Henan, Qinghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [In-dia, Nepal].
别名：滇黄芪;云南黄蓍;云南黄芪;
科名：豆科 Leguminosae
属名：黄耆属 Astragalus
63. 云南黄耆（中国主要植物图说·豆科）图版37: 1-7
Astragalus yunnanensis Franch. Pl. Delav. 162. 1889; id. in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 160. 1912; Simps. in Not. Roy. Bor. Gard. Edinb 8: 256. 1915; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 556. 1933; Marq. et Airy-Shaw in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48: 172. 1929; Pet. -Stib. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 12: 53. 1938; 中国主要植物图说·豆科392. 图380. 1955; 西藏植物志2: 821. 图267 (8-10). 1985, pro parte.
多年生草本。根粗壮。地上茎短缩。羽状复叶基生，近莲座状，有11-27片小叶，长6-15厘米；叶柄长1-3厘米，连同叶轴散生白色细柔毛；托叶离生，卵状披针形，长8-11毫米，下面及边缘散生白色细柔毛；小叶卵形或近圆形，长4-10毫米，宽4-7毫米，先端钝圆，有时有短尖头，基部圆形，上面无毛，下面被白色长柔毛。总状花序生5-12花，稍密集，下垂，偏向一边，总花梗生于基部叶腋，与叶近等长或较叶长，散生白色细柔毛，上部并混生棕色毛；苞片膜质，线状披针形，长5-8毫米，下面被白色长柔毛；花梗长1-3毫米，密被棕褐色柔毛；花萼狭钟状，长约14毫米，被褐色毛或混生少数白色长柔毛，萼齿狭披针形，与萼筒近等长；花冠黄色，旗瓣匙形，长20-22毫米，先端微凹，基部渐狭成瓣柄，翼瓣与旗瓣近等长，瓣片长圆形，基部具明显的耳，瓣柄与瓣片近等长，龙骨瓣较翼瓣短或近等长，瓣片半卵形，瓣柄与瓣片近等长；子房被长柔毛，有柄。荚果膜质，狭卵形，长约20毫米，宽8-10毫米，被褐色柔毛，果颈与萼筒近等长。花期7月。
产四川西部、云南西北部及西藏。生于海拔3000-4300米的山坡或草原上。模式标本采自云南丽江。
形态特征：云南黄芪是豆科多年生草本植物。主根粗大。茎极短。羽状复叶；小叶11-23，卵圆形，长约4-9 mm，宽4一6.5mm，上面近无毛，下面有白色柔毛。总状花序腋生；花冠桔黄色，长约2cm，子房有柄，被有白色长柔毛。荚果卵。6月下旬开花。与多枝黄芪极易区别，茎极短（图49）。
地理分布：云南、四川及西藏昌都地区。
生态特征：云南黄芪是横断山区高寒草甸的重要牧草之一，耐寒、耐旱能力均比多枝黄芪强。生于海拔3500一4800m的山坡、草地或流石滩上。这些地区年平均气温小于0℃，最热月份气温低于10℃，几乎全年皆为冬季，最低气温在一35℃以下。雨量小,雷暴雨多，5-9且为雨季，且多冰雹大风，霜雪全年可见。在这样恶劣的寒、旱气候环境中，云南黄芪仍然能正常生长。为了适应低温、高寒的气候，植株的茎变得极短，几乎无茎。7月开花，花茎、叶迅速生长，牧草生长期仅100天左右，到9月初即停止生长。
饲用价值：云南黄菌属优良牧草之一，枝叶丰茂，质地柔软，适口性良好，常年为各类家畜喜食。其营养成分见表49—1及表49一2。云南黄芪是横断山高寒地区很有栽培前途的豆科牧草，它可与披碱草、羊茅等禾本科牧草混播，作为人工草场及天然草场改良的重要草种之一。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
71. Astragalus yunnanensis Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 162. 1890.
云南黄耆 yun nan huang qi
Plants 15-25 cm tall, subacaulescent to shortly caulescent; hairs spreading, white, in inflorescence also blackish brown. Stems several, 1-10 cm, 1-3 mm thick, ascending to erect, gla-brous or in upper part sparsely to loosely hairy, in basal parts furnished with vaginate-connate whitish bracts. Leaves 5-16 cm; stipules 4-14 mm, lower ones widely ovate to elliptic, upper ones narrowly triangular, free, sparsely to loosely hairy; petiole 2-4.5 cm, like rachis glabrous or sparsely to loosely hairy; leaf-lets in 5-15 pairs, ovate to elliptic, 3-15 × 2.5-10 mm, abax-ially loosely to densely villous, sometimes only at midvein and margins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely to loosely, more rarely densely, villous, apex obtuse to acute, often with a distinct cusp 1-2 mm. Racemes 1-2.5 cm, rather densely 2-13-flowered, at fruiting time somewhat elongated up to 5 cm; peduncle 4-11 cm, mostly rather densely hairy; bracts 4-10 × 1-3 mm, mostly white hairy. Bracteoles sometimes present. Calyx 8-14.5 mm, densely hairy; teeth 4-7.5 mm. Petals pale yellow, sometimes slightly fading violet; standard widely elliptic to widely ovate, 14-21 × 7-13.5 mm, apex emarginate; wings 13-21 mm; keel 15-21 mm. Legumes with a stipe 3.5-8 mm, narrowly or widely ellipsoid, 12-23 mm, 6-8 mm high, keeled ventrally and dor-sally, with a beak 2-3 mm; valves densely to rather densely covered with spreading white and black hairs.Gansu, Henan, Qinghai, Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [In-dia, Nepal].
