大叶新木姜子Neolitsea levinei Merr.

别名：厚壳桂;来氏新木姜子;大叶新木姜;厚壳树;土玉桂;中华新木姜子;假肉桂;野桂皮;野油桂;袜底树;土肉桂;山桂;假玉桂;

科名：樟科 Lauraceae

属名：新木姜子属 Neolitsea

《中国植物志》第31卷359页
  18.大叶新木姜子 厚壳树（广东梅县），土玉桂（广东乐昌），假玉桂（广西），大叶新木姜（中国高等植物图鉴）图版93：1-4
  Neolitsea levinei Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 13: 138. 1918; Allen in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 25: 423. 1938; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 851,图1701. 1972.——Neolitsea chinensis (Gamble) Chun in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, 1 (5): 68. 1925 syn. nov.——N. lanuginosa Gamble var. chinensis Gamble in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 79. 1914.——Benzoin levinei (Merr.) Chun ex Liou Ho, Laur. Chine et Indoch. 148. 1932 et 1934 pro syn.
  乔木，高达22米；树皮灰褐至深褐色，平滑。小枝圆锥形，幼时密被黄褐色柔毛，老时毛被脱落渐稀疏。顶芽大，卵圆形，鳞片外面被锈色短柔毛。叶轮生，4-5片一轮，长圆状披针形至长圆状倒披针形或椭圆形，长15-31厘米，宽4.5-9厘米，先端短尖或突尖，基部尖锐，革质，上面深绿色，有光泽，无毛，下面带绿苍白，幼时密被黄褐色长柔毛，老时毛渐脱落较稀疏而被厚白粉，离基三出脉，侧脉每边3-4条，中脉、侧脉在两面均突起，横脉在叶下面明显；叶柄长1.5-2厘米，密被黄褐色柔毛。伞形花序数个生于枝侧，具总梗；总梗长约2毫米；每一花序有花5朵；花梗长3毫米，密被黄褐色柔毛；花被裂片4，卵形，黄白色，长约3毫米，外面有稀疏柔毛，边缘有睫毛，内面无毛；雄花：能育雄蕊6,花 丝无毛，第三轮基部的腺体椭圆形，具柄；退化子房卵形，花柱有柔毛；雌花：退化雄蕊长3-3.2毫米，无毛，子房卵形或卵圆形，无毛，花柱短，有柔毛，柱头头状。果椭圆形或球形，长1.2-1.8厘米，直径0.8-1.5厘米，成熟时黑色；果梗长0.7-1厘米，密被柔毛，顶部略增粗。花期3-4月，果期8-10月。
  产广东、广西、湖南、湖北、江西、福建、四川、贵州及云南。生于山地路旁、水旁及山谷密林中，海拔300-1300米。
  本种根可入药，治妇女白带。
  中华新木姜子N. chinensis (Gamble) Chun与本种非常逼似，按过去文献记载，其区别点只在于前者果为球形，后者果为椭圆形或椭圆状球形，通过各地大量标本及野外观察，在有些植株中，果的形状两种同时兼有，不足作为区别的依据，故予归并。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Neolitsea levinei  Merrill Philipp. J. Sci. C 13: 138. 1918.
大叶新木姜子   da ye xin mu jiang zi
Benzoin levinei (Merrill) Chun ex H. Liu; Neolitsea chinensis (Gamble) Chun; N. lanuginosa Gamble var. chinensis Gamble.
Trees, up to 22 m tall. Young branchlets and petioles covered with dense yellow-brown pubescence. Leaves 4- or 5-verticillate; petiole 1.5-2 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic, 15-31 × 4.5-9 cm, glabrate and mostly glaucous abaxially, densely yellow-brown villous when young, shiny and glabrous adaxially, triplinerved, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, transverse veins conspicuous abaxially, base acute, apex shortly acute or abruptly acute. Umbels lateral, 5-flowered; peduncle ca. 2 mm. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, with dense pubescence. Perianth segments 4, ovate. Male flowers: fertile stamens 6; filaments glabrous, of 3rd whorls each with 2 stipitate ellipsoid glands at base; rudimentary pistil ovoid. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, 12-18 × 8-15 mm, black at maturity; fruiting pedicel 7-10 mm, densely pubescent. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Oct.
● Roadsides, watersides, dense forests in valleys; 300-1300 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Neolitsea levinei var. tibetica H. P. Tsui (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 16: 35. 1994) was described from SE Xizang (Mêdog) but could not be treated here because no material was seen by the present authors. Judging from the description in the protologue, it almost certainly belongs in Cinnamomum, rather than in Neolitsea, and is perhaps a synonym of C. iners (species no. 41).Neolitsea levinei var. tibetica H. P. Tsui (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 16: 35. 1994) was described from SE Xizang (Mêdog) but could not be treated here because no material was seen by the present authors. Judging from the description in the protologue, it almost certainly belongs in Cinnamomum, rather than in Neolitsea, and is perhaps a synonym of C. iners (species no. 41).