三桠乌药Lindera obtusiloba Bl.

别名：三角枫;干姜木;甘姜木;大山胡椒;甘姜树;甘橿;三丫乌药;红叶甘橿;生姜树;官桂;红叶干橿;马木姜子;假崂山棍;钝叶钓樟;黄椋木;橿军;绿绿柴;大叶甘橿;猴楸树;山胡椒;亚巴兴;姜羊;甘姜村;三桠鸟药;甘姜;香丽木;山姜;山棉花;三钻枫;三亚乌药;三桠钓樟;三钻七;山桠乌药;升子树;土官桂皮;香雨木;鸭脚板;三钻风;

科名：樟科 Lauraceae

属名：山胡椒属 Lindera

《中国植物志》第31卷413页
  25.三桠乌药（中国树木分类学、中国高等植物图鉴、秦岭植物志）红叶甘檀（中国树木分类学，中国高等植物图鉴、秦岭植物志），甘橿、香丽木、猴楸树（河南）、三键风（陕西），三角枫（四川），山姜、假崂山棍、橿军（山东），绿绿柴（浙江），大山胡椒（四川）.
  Lindera obtusiloba Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1 (21): 325. 1851; Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15 (1): 1864; Hemsl. in Journ. Soc. Bot. 26: 390. 1891, Lec. in Nouv. Arch. Mus Hist. Nat. Paris, 50 Sdr. 5: 117. 1931; Gamble in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 85. 1914; Liou Ho, Laur. Chine et Indoch. 137. 1932 et 1934; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学359. 1937; Yang in Contr. Biol. Lab: Sci. Soc. China Bot.13(1): 59. 1948; 东北木本植物图志251. f. (photo) 155.1955;中国高等植物图鉴1: 863, 图1726, 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 349. 1974.——Lindera mollis Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 168. 1865——Lzndera cercidifolia Hemsl. in Journ: Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 387. 1891; Lec. in Nouv. Arch. Hist. Nat. Paris 5e Ser 5. 116. 1913, Gamble in Sarg Pl. Wils. 2: 85. 1914; Liou Ho, Laur. Chine et Indoch. 137. 1932 et 1934; Cheng in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 9: 303. 1934; 110. 1936; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学358. 1937; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 863, 图1725. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 348. 1974.——Benzoin obtusilobum (Bl.) O.kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 569. 1891; Chun in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 1 (5): 44. 1925——Benzoin cercidifolium (Hemsl.) Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 1: 144. 1919; Chun in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 1 (5): 43. 1925. ——Lindera praetermissa Grierson et Long in Not. Bot. Gerd. Edinb. 36: 149. 1978.——L. obtusiloba Bl. var. praetermissa (Grierson et Long) H. P. Tsui in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16 (4): 66. 1978.
形态特征：落叶灌木或小乔木，高达10米。冬芽有3-4鳞片。小枝粗，圆，棕红色，皮孔散生，老枝灰色。叶卵圆形至圆形，长8-10厘米，宽7厘米，先端通常3裂，上面亮绿色，最后无毛，叶脉明显，叶柄长1-3厘米，稍被柔毛。花先叶开放，伞形花几无总梗。果球形，长1厘米，暗红色或灰黑色，果
用    途：树皮药用，能活血舒筋、散瘀消肿、主治跌打损伤、瘀血肿痛。种仁含油量60%以上，油供制肥皂、润滑油、发油等。果皮及叶均含芳香油，可用于化妆品、皂用香精等。木材可供细木工用。
分    布：产神农架各地。
生    境：生长在海拔1300-2200米的山坡或沟谷、林中或灌木丛中，产量较大。
繁殖方式：播种繁殖。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Lindera obtusiloba  Blume Mus. Bot. 1: 325. 1851.
三桠乌药   san ya wu yao
Deciduous trees or shrubs, 3-10 m tall. Bark black-brown. Branchlets yellow-green, smooth and striate when young, brown scurfy, longitudinally dehiscent, and corky lenticellate when old. Buds ovate, apex acuminate; outer bud scales 3, yellow-brown, elliptic, 6-9 × 6-7 mm, leathery, glabrous, acute at apex; inner bud scales 3, very densely brownish yellow sericeous; sometimes mixed budded, including leaf buds and floral buds. Leaves alternate; petiole 1.5-2.8 cm, yellow-white pubescent; leaf blade pale greenish or sometimes red abaxially, dark green adaxially, suborbicular, compressed-rounded, or elliptic, 5.5-10 × 4.8-10.8 cm, brown-yellow pubescent or glabrate abaxially, trinerved, sometimes pentanerved, reticulate veins distinct, base broadly cuneate, subrounded, rounded, cordate, or subcordate, margin usually entire, sometimes emarginate or wavy, or usually trifid and sometimes pentafid, apex acute or rounded. Mixed buds axillary, elliptic, acute at apex, outer 2 bud scales leathery, brown-yellow, rugose, glabrous, inner bud scales subleathery, adnate-pubescent, with 1 or 2 floral buds inside; floral bud 5 or 6, umbels included. Umbels not pedunculate, with 4 involucral bracts; involucral bracts narrowly elliptic, membranous, villous outside, glabrous inside, 5 flowers included. Male flowers: tepals 6, narrowly elliptic, villous outside and glabrous inside; stamens 9; filaments glabrous, 2-glandular at base in 3rd whorl; glands broadly reniform, cornute, long stipitate, sometimes 1 at filament base in 2nd whorl; reduced pistil narrowly elliptic, glabrous; style and stigma forming a mucro. Female flowers: tepals 6, narrowly elliptic, ca. 2.5 × 1 mm, slightly short in inner whorl, villous on dorsal keel, glabrous inside; reduced stamens fasciated, ca. 1.7 mm in 1st and 2nd whorls, ca. 1.5 mm in 3rd whorls, 2-glandular at filament base; glands long stipitate; stipe base and filament base coadnate; ovary ellipsoid, ca. 2.2 × 1 mm, glabrous; style less than 1 mm, curved downward before bloom. Fruits broadly ellipsoid, ca. 8 × 5-6 mm, red at maturity, later purple-black, black-brown when dry. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Aug-Sep.
Valleys, thickets in dense forests, forests on mountain slopes; near sea level to 3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Liaoning, S Shaanxi, E Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Nepal].
The seed oil is used medicinally and for light industrial materials. The wood is used in woodwork.The seed oil is used medicinally and for light industrial materials. The wood is used in woodwork.