栏目

黑壳楠Lindera megaphylla Hemsl.

黑壳楠Lindera megaphylla Hemsl.

别名:山兰木;大叶钓樟;八角兰;鸡屎楠;大楠木;大香叶树;大叶山胡椒;红心楠;楠树;枇杷楠;花楠;花兰;楠木;八角香;毛黑壳楠;俄氏钓樟;大叶楠;猪屎楠;

科名:樟科 Lauraceae

属名:山胡椒属 Lindera

《中国植物志》第31卷384页
  1.黑壳楠(中国树木分类学)楠木(陕西西南部、湖北宜昌、四川),八角香、花兰(四川),猪屎楠(湖北兴山),鸡屎楠、大楠木、批把楠(湖北)
  Lindera megaphylla Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 389. 1891; Liou Ho, Laur. Chine et Indoch. 124. 1932 et 1934; Cheng in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 9: 298. 1934; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学365. f. 267. 1937; Y. C. Yang in.Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 13 (1): 56. 1948; H. L: Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 213. f. 76. 1963. p. p.; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 857, 图1714. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 346. t. 295. 1974; C. E. Chang in Fl. Taiwan 2: 430. Pl. 362. 1976, p. p.——Lindera oldhami Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 390. 1891; Hay. Mat. Fl. Forms. 255. 1911; Icon. Pl. Formos. 5: 178. f. 62——d. 1915, Kanehira, Formos. Trees 457. 1917.——Lindera pricei Hay. Icon. 5: 178. 1915. ——Benzoin pricei Kamikati in Ann. Rept. Taihoku Bot. Gard. 3: 79. 1933. ——Benzoin oldhami (Hemsl.) Rehd. in Journ. Ann. Arb. 1: 145. 1919. ——Benzoin. grandifolium Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 1: 145. 1919. ——Actinodaphne crassa Hand.-Mazz. in Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math. Nat. 146. 1921.——Benzoin touyunensis (Levl.) Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 10: 194. 1929. p. p. ——Benzoin touyunense (Levl.) Rehd. f. megaphyllum (Hemsl.) Rehd. in Journ Arn. Arb. 11: 158. 1930.
形态特征:常绿乔木,高20米,胸径60厘米。花枝粗,硬,紫黑色,皮孔稀疏。叶互生,革质,披针形或披针状长圆形,长15-24厘米,宽4-6厘米,无毛或近无毛,上面暗绿色,有光泽,下面灰绿色或稍带绿苍白色,侧脉明显,细脉网状,叶柄长8-25毫米,伞形花序有短总梗,生多数花,花芽于前一
用    途:材质优良,纹理直,结构细,有光泽,边材黄褐色带灰,心材灰红褐色,为优良的家具材,可供建筑、造船等用。种仁是制香皂的上等原料。果实及叶含芳香油。
分    布:产神农架除西北部外,各地海拔1650米以下均产。
生    境:生于沟谷或山坡下部,常与多种樟科常绿树种混生。
繁殖方式:播种繁殖。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Lindera megaphylla  Hemsley J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 389. 1891.
黑壳楠   hei ke nan
Actinodaphne crassa Handel-Mazzetti; Benzoin grandifolium Rehder; B. oldhamii (Hemsley) Rehder; B. pricei (Hayata) Kamikoti; B. touyunense (H. Léveillé) Rehder; B. touyunense f. megaphyllum (Hemsley) Rehder; B. touyunense f. trichocladum Rehder; Lindera megaphylla f. touyunensis (H. Léveillé) Rehder; L. megaphylla f. trichoclada (Rehder) W. C. Cheng; L. oldhamii Hemsley; L. pricei Hayata; Litsea touyunensis H. Léveillé.
Trees evergreen, 3-15(-25) m tall, more than 35 cm d.b.h. Bark gray-black. Branchlets terete, robust, purple-black, glabrous or pubescent, with subrounded and longitudinally dehiscent lenticels. Terminal bud ovate, ca. 1.5 cm; bud scales white puberulent outside. Leaves alternate; petiole 1.5-3 cm, glabrous or pubescent; leaf blade green and shiny abaxially, greenish white adaxially, oblanceolate to obovate-oblong, sometimes narrowly ovate, 10-23 cm, leathery, glabrous on both surfaces or laxly or densely pubescent abaxially, later glabrate, pinninerved, lateral veins 15-21 pairs, base attenuate, apex acute or acuminate. Umbel inserted in both sides of short branchlet, many flowered, with 16 male flowers and 12 female flowers; short branchlets axillary, ca. 3.5 mm, with terminal bud; peduncles of male inflorescence 1-1.5 cm and of female inflorescence ca. 6 mm, both densely yellow-brown or nearly ferruginous puberulent. Male flowers yellow-green, ca. 6 mm, pedicellate; tepals 6, elliptic, outer 3 ca. 4.5 × 2.8 mm, laxly yellow-brown puberulent on lower and abaxial parts, inner 3 rather short; filaments laxly pubescent, 2-glandular at base in 3rd whorl; glands funnelform, ca. 2 mm, stipitate; reduced pistil ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous; ovary ovate; style slender; stigma indistinct. Female flowers yellow-green, 1.5-3 mm, pedicellate, densely yellow-brown pubescent; tepals 6, linear-spatulate, ca. 2.5 × 1 mm, yellow-brown pubescent outside on lower part or along keel; reduced stamens 9; anthers linear or clavate, barbate at base, 2-glandular at middle of filament in 3rd whorl; glands funnelform; ovary ovate, ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous; style very slender, ca. 4.5 mm; stigma peltate, papillose. Fruit ellipsoid or ovate, ca. 1.8 × 1.3 cm, purple-black at maturity, glabrous; stipes ca. 1.5 cm, scabrous; persistent hypocarpium cup-shaped, ca. 8 mm × 1.5 cm, entire, slightly sinuous. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Sep-Dec.
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests or thickets in wet places on mountain slopes or in valleys; 1600-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan.
Two sympatric forms have been recognized: f. megaphylla, with branchlets and leaf blade glabrous, and f. touyunensis (毛黑壳楠 mao hei qiao nan), with branchlets and leaf blade ± pubescent, later at least slightly pubescent on the veins.Two sympatric forms have been recognized: f. megaphylla, with branchlets and leaf blade glabrous, and f. touyunensis (毛黑壳楠 mao hei qiao nan), with branchlets and leaf blade ± pubescent, later at least slightly pubescent on the veins.

《全国中草药汇编》:黑壳楠


【别名】 岩柴、楠木、八角香
【来源】 樟科黑壳楠Lindera megaphylla Hemsl.,以根、枝、树皮入药。
【生境分布】 贵州、四川、广东、福建、广西、江西。
【性味】 辛、微苦,温。
【功能主治】 祛风除湿,消肿止痛。
咽喉肿痛:用树皮1两,捣烂加淘米水炒热,外包喉部,水干即换。
风湿麻木疼痛:用根3~5两,煎水洗。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
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