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尾叶黄芩Scutellaria caudifolia Sun ex C. H. Hu

尾叶黄芩Scutellaria caudifolia Sun ex C. H. Hu

别名:尾叶黄苓;

科名:唇形科 Labiatae

属名:黄芩属 Scutellaria

《中国植物志》第65(2)卷218页
  77.尾叶黄芩 土黄艽(四川筠连)
  Scutellaria caudifolia Sun ex C. H. Hu in Act, Phytotax. Sin. 11 (1): 42. 1966.
形态特征:多年生草本;根茎粗壮,横卧,具多数密集的须根。茎直立,高30—45厘米,四棱形,微具翅,无毛,常带紫色,全株具叶4—9对,节间与叶等长或略短。叶具短柄,柄长4—7毫米,腹凹,疏被微柔毛,背凸,近无毛;叶片卵圆状长圆形至长圆状披针形,长5—8厘米,宽2—3.5厘米,先端尾状渐尖,基部浅心脏形,边缘每侧具9—15不均称的疏圆齿,薄纸质,上面黄绿色,无毛,或极疏被萎软状的具节粗糙伏毛,下面淡绿色,无毛,或沿中脉及侧脉上极疏被糙伏毛,侧脉3对,斜向上,与中脉均上面凹陷下面凸出且带白色。花序总状,腋生及顶生,少花(6—14朵),纤细,长4—10厘米,腋生者下部常具2—4对较小的营养叶,有时该叶腋再生出总状花序;花梗长2.5—3毫米,与序轴密被具腺短柔毛,中部稍下有一对线形具小缘毛的小苞片;苞片向上逐次变小,上部者卵圆状圆形,无柄,先端尾状渐尖,边缘具小纤毛。花萼开花时长约2毫米,被短柔毛,盾片高1.2毫米,果时花萼长3.5毫米,盾片高2.5毫米,明显具网纹。花冠淡紫色,檐部紫色,长约2.2厘米,外疏被具腺微柔毛,内无毛;冠筒基部宽2毫米,前方近基部有径达3毫米的囊距,在喉部骤然增大,径可达5毫米;冠檐2唇形,上唇近圆形,内凹,先端微缺,下唇中裂片三角状卵圆形,宽达5毫米,先端微缺,2侧裂片卵圆形,先端圆。雄蕊4,前对较长,微露出,具能育半药,退化半药不明显,后对较短,内藏,具全药,药室裂口具髯毛;花丝丝状,前对内侧后对两侧下部被疏柔毛。花盘前方隆起,后方延伸成极短的子房柄。子房4裂,后对裂片较大。成熟小坚果未见。花期6—8月。
产地分布:产四川(荥经、南川、筠连)及贵州(息烽、凯里),生于林缘,沟边,海拔900—1720米。模式标本采自四川荥经。
参考文献:ScutellariacaudifoliaSunexeH.HuinAct、Phytotax.Sin.11(1):42.1966.
本系概述:Ser.SessilifoliaeC.Y.WuetH.W.UinAddenda585.1977腋生总状花序紧缩,纤细,下垂或上升,常着生于茎中、上部叶腋内,苞叶,不明显苞片状,细小。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Scutellaria caudifolia  Sun ex C. H. Hu
尾叶黄芩   wei ye huang qin
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Rhizomes robust. Stems erect, 3 0-45 cm tall, angles slightly winged, purplish, with 4-9 pairs of leaves, internodes to as long as leaves. Petiole 4-7 mm; leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, ca. 5-8 × 2-3.5 cm, membranous or thin papery, base shallowly cordate, sometimes obliquely so, margin irregularly crenate, apex caudate-acuminate. Racemes axillary and terminal, 6-14-flowered, ca. 4-10 cm, axillary racemes with 2-4 pairs of reduced lower leaves; bracts gradually reduced upward, sessile, caudate-acuminate, margin ciliolate upward. Pedicel ca. 2.5-3 mm, densely glandular pubescent. Calyx ca. 2 mm, pubescent, to 3.5 mm in fruit; scutellum ca. 1.2 mm, to 2.5 mm, conspicuously netted in fruit. Corolla purplish, ca. 2.2 cm, sparsely glandular puberulent outside, glabrous inside; tube base saccate-spurred, to 3 mm wide, throat abruptly dilated to 5 mm wide; upper lip subcircular; middle lobe of lower lip triangular-ovate, to 5 mm wide, apex emarginate; lateral lobes ovate to circular. Nutlets unknown. Fl. Jun - Aug.
* Forest margins, slopes, hillside thickets; 900-1700 m. Guizhou, Sichuan

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