栏目

裂叶荆芥Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benth.) Briq.

裂叶荆芥Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benth.) Briq.

别名:荆芥、小茴香、假苏

科名:唇形科 Labiatae

属名:裂叶荆芥属 Schizonepeta

《中国植物志》第65(2)卷268页
  2. 裂叶荆芥 荆芥(救荒本草),小茴香(四川夹江),假苏、四棱杆蒿(北方常用中草药),假苏(东北常用中草药)图版55:8-13
  Schizonepeta tenuifolia (Benth.) Briq. in Engl. u. Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4, 3a: 235. 1895; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 226. 1929; Hand.- Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gethob. 9: 77. 1934; Symb. Sin. 7: 916. 1936; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 385. 1939——Nepeta tenuifolia Benth. Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 468. 1836, et in DC. Prodr. 12: 370. 1848; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 9: 475. 1859, et in Mel. Biol. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 9: 447. 1877; Franch. Pl. David. 237. 1884; Hemsl. in Journ Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 290. 1890; Dunn in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 166. 1915——Elsholtzia integrifolia Benth. Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 714. 1836, et in DC. Prodr. 12: 161. 1848; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 277. 1890; Dunn in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 151. 1:915, quoad specim Staunton s. n. e photctypo, syn. nov.——Nepeta vaniotiana Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 220. 1911——Nepeta lavandulacea auct. non Linn. f.: Dunn in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 166. 1915, quoad syn. et Bodinier Coll.
  一年生草本。茎高0.3-1米,四棱形,多分枝,被灰白色疏短柔毛,茎下部的节及小枝基部通常微红色。叶通常为指状三裂,大小不等,长1-3.5厘米,宽1.5-2.5厘米,先端锐尖,基部楔状渐狭并下延至叶柄,裂片披针形,宽1.5-4毫米,中间的较大,两侧的较小,全缘,草质,上面暗橄榄绿色,被微柔毛,下面带灰绿色,被短柔毛,脉上及边缘较密,有腺点;叶柄长约2-10毫米。花序为多数轮伞花序组成的顶生穗状花序,长2-13厘米,通常生于主茎上的较长大而多花,生于侧枝上的较小而疏花,但均为间断的;苞片叶状,下部的较大,与叶同形,上部的渐变小,乃至与花等长,小苞片线形,极小。花萼管状钟形,长约3毫米,径1.2毫米,被灰色疏柔毛,具15脉,齿5,三角状披针形或披针形,先端渐尖,长约0.7毫米,后面的较前面的为长。花冠青紫色,长约4.5毫米,外被疏柔毛,内面无毛,冠筒向上扩展,冠檐二唇形,上唇先端2浅裂,下唇3裂,中裂片最大。雄蕊4,后对较长,均内藏,花药蓝色。花柱先端近相等2裂。小坚果长圆状三棱形,长约1.5毫米,径约0.7毫米,褐色,有小点。花期7-9月,果期在9月以后。
  黑龙江、辽宁、河北、河南、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、四川(城口、南川)、贵州诸省均有野生,浙江、江苏、福建、云南等省均有栽培;生于山坡路边或山谷、林缘,海拔540-2700米。朝鲜有分布。1变种[var. japonica (Maxim.) Kitagawa]产日本。模式标本采自我国河北北部。
  全草及花穗为常用中药,多用于发表,可治风寒感冒、头痛、咽喉肿痛、月经过多、崩漏、小儿发热抽搐、疔疮疥癣、风火赤眼、风火牙痛、湿疹、荨麻疹、以及皮肤搔痒。又全草富含芳香油,可提制芳香油。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 17 (1994)
Nepeta tenuifolia  Bentham
裂叶荆芥   lie ye jing jie
Elsholtzia integrifolia Bentham; Nepeta vaniotiana H. Léveillé.
Herbs annual. Stems 30-100 cm tall, much branched, sparsely gray pubescent. Leaves 3-fid, unequal; petiole 2-10 mm; leaf blade 1-3.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, adaxially dark puberulent, abaxially gray-green, pubescent especially on veins and margin, glandular, base cuneate-decurrent into petiole, lobes lanceolate, 1.5-4 mm wide, with middle lobe largest, margin entire, apex acute. Spikes terminal, 2-13 cm, interrupted, of numerous verticillasters; bracts leaflike, reduced upward, as long as flowers; bracteoles linear, minute. Calyx tubular-campanulate, ca. 3 × 1.2 mm, gray pilose, 15-veined; teeth triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate, ca. 0.7 mm, apex acuminate, posterior teeth longer. Corolla violet, ca. 4.5 mm, pilose. Nutlets brown, triquetrous, oblong, ca. 1.5 × 0.7 mm, dotted. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct.
Sloping forest margins, valleys; 500-2700 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan and cultivated in Fujian, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Korea]
Variety japonica (Maximowicz) Kitagawa is native to Japan.
A traditional Chinese herb used for diaphoresis and also as the source of an essential oil.

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