金丝桃Hypericum monogynum Linn.

别名：老虎花;金腺海棠;狗胡花;过路黄;坦上黄;金丝莲;大过路黄;金线蝴蝶;芒种花;水面油;土莲翘;照月莲;木本黄开口;金丝海棠;土连翘;

科名：藤黄科 Guttiferae

属名：金丝桃属 Hypericum

《中国植物志》第50(2)卷012页
  5.金丝桃（三才图会）狗胡花（安徽霍山），金线蝴蝶（四川南川，浙江乐清），过路黄（四川奉节），金丝海棠（山东唠山），金丝莲（陕西石泉）图版3: 7-9
  Hypericum monogynum Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. : 1107. 1763: Mill. Gard. Dict. eds, no. 11. 1768: N. Robson in Blumea 20, 251. 1973, in Nasir ＆ Ali, Fl. W. Paistan 32: 3. 1973, 台湾植物志2: 635. 1977 et in Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot, 12(4): 231, f. 15. 1985. ——H. chinense Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 118 4. 1759; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 27: 428. 1882; Levl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 499. 1906, 54; 590. 1908: Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 401. 1931; 广州植物志226, f. 107. 1956; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 876, f. 3481. 1972; N. Robson in Journ. Ro. Hort. Soc. 95Y: 489. 1970, non Osbeck, Dagbok Ostind. Resa 244. 1757, nec Retz., Observ. 5: 27. 1789——H. aureum Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: 472. 179 0. ——H. salicifolium Sieb. et Zucc. in Abh. Bayer. Acad. wiss., Miinchen 4 (2): 162. 843: Y. Kimura in Bot. Mag., Tokyo 54: 88. 1940. ——H. chinense Linn. var. salicifolium (Sieb. et Zucc.) Choisy in Zoll. Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. 1: 150. 1854. ——H. chinense Linn. a obtusifolium et γ latifolium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 60. 1891. ——Nor ysca chinensis (Linn.) Spach, Hist. veg. Phan. 5: 427. 1836, in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 2, Bot. 5: 364. 1836: Y. Kimura in Nakai＆Honda, Nova Fl. Japon 10: 1 03. 1951. ——N. aurea (Lour.) Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 22. 1856.——N. puctata Bl. l. c. 23. ——N. salicifolia Bl. l. c. 23. ——N. chinensis. (Linn.) Spach var. salicifolia; (Sneb. et Zucc.) Y. Kimura l. c: 107, f. 42——H. pratttii auct. non Hemsl.: Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 404.1915, pro parte quoad Wilson 1604, 2420.
  灌木，高0.5-1.3米，丛状或通常有疏生的开张枝条。茎红色，幼时具2（4）纵线棱及两侧压扁，很快为圆柱形；皮层橙褐色。叶对生，无柄或具短柄，柄长达1.5毫米；叶片倒披针形或椭圆形至长圆形，或较稀为披针形至卵状三角形或卵形，长2-11.2厘米，宽1-4.1厘米，先端锐尖至圆形，通常具细小尖突，基部楔形至圆形或上部者有时截形至心形，边缘平坦，坚纸质，上面绿色，下面淡绿但不呈灰白色，主侧脉4-6对，分枝，常与中脉分枝不分明，第三级脉网密集，不明显，腹腺体无，叶片腺体小而点状。花序具1-15(-30)花，自茎端第1节生出，疏松的近伞房状，有时亦自茎端1-3节生出，稀有1-2对次生分枝；花梗长0.8-2.8 (-5 )厘米；苞片小，线状披针形，早落。花直径3-6.5厘米，星状；花蕾卵珠形，先端近锐尖至钝形。萼片宽或狭椭圆形或长圆形至披针形或倒披针形，先端锐尖至圆形，边缘全缘，中脉分明，细脉不明显，有或多或少的腺体，在基部的线形至条纹状，向顶端的点状。花瓣金黄色至柠檬黄色，无红晕，开张，三角状倒卵形，长2-3.4厘米，宽1-2厘米，长约为萼片的2.5-4.5倍，边缘全缘，无腺体，有侧生的小尖突，小尖突先端锐尖至圆形或消失。雄蕊5束，每束有雄蕊25-35枚，最长者长1.8-3.2厘米，与花瓣几等长，花药黄至暗橙色。子房卵珠形或卵珠状圆锥形至近球形，长2.5-5毫米，宽2.5-3毫米；花柱长1.2-2厘米，长约为子房的3.5-5倍，合生几达顶端然后向外弯或极偶有合生至全长之半；柱头小。蒴果宽卵珠形或稀为卵珠状圆锥形至近球形，长6-10毫米，宽4-7毫米。种子深红褐色，圆柱形，长约2毫米，有狭的龙骨状突起，有浅的线状网纹至线状蜂窝纹。染色体2n=42。花期5-8月，果期8-9月。
  产河北、陕西、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川及贵州等省区。生于山坡、路旁或灌丛中，沿海地区海拔0-150米，但在山地上升至1500米。日本也有引种。模式是Miller, Figures plants: 101, t. 151, f. 2. 1760 。
  花美丽，供观赏；果实及根供药用，果作连翘代用品，根能祛风、止咳、下乳、调经补血、并可治跌打损伤。
  本种变异幅度很大，可根据叶形、花序以及萼片大小上的变异至少可划一分为四个类型，即l）柳叶型：叶椭圆形至倒披针形，先端锐尖，基部楔形；花序很稀疏；萼片狭卵形而先端锐尖，分布自华中至沿海地区；2）钝叶型：叶较短，长圆形，先端钝形或圆形，基部圆形；花序稍稀疏；萼片狭长圆形而先端钝；分布自湖北东部及江西，南达广东沿海地区；3）宽萼型；叶和萼片较宽，前者自宽椭圆形（基部锐尖及楔形）至宽长圆形（基部圆形及心形），后者有时叶状，花序也是疏松；分布区同第一类型；4）卵叶型：叶短，椭圆形至卵形或三角状卵形，先端钝形至圆形，基部宽楔形至圆形，但萼片长而狭，该类型见于四川南部。上述四个类型由于在形态特征和地理分布上均显示出连续性质，因此似无必要作种下分类。
形态特征：半常绿小灌木，高达1米；全枝光滑无毛，多分枝；小枝对生，圆柱形，红褐色。叶对生，具透明腺点，长椭圆形，长3-8厘米，宽1-2厘米，顶端钝尖，基部渐狭而稍抱茎，上面绿色，下面分绿色，全缘，中脉在两面都明显而下面稍凸起，无柄。花顶生，单生或成聚伞花序，直径3-5厘米，具披针形小苞片；萼片5，卵状矩圆形，顶端微钝；花瓣5，宽倒卵形；雄蕊多数，基部合生为5束；花柱细长，顶端5裂。蒴果卵圆形，花期6月，果期8月。
分    布：河北、河南、陕西、江苏、浙江、台湾
生    境：栽培
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：果实
药用功能：祛风湿、止咳、治腰痛
药用主治：用于月经不调、咽喉炎、肝炎等症。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Hypericum monogynum  Linnaeus
金丝桃   jin si tao
Hypericum chinense Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1184. 1759, not Osbeck (1757), nor Retzius (1788); H. chinense subsp. latifolium Kuntze; H. chinense subsp. obtusifolium Kuntze; H. chinense subsp. salicifolium (Siebold & Zuccarini) Kuntze; H. chinense var. salicifolium (Siebold & Zuccarini) Choisy; H. monogynum var. salicifolium (Siebold & Zuccarini) André; H. salicifolium Siebold & Zuccarini; Komana salicifolia (Siebold & Zuccarini) Y. Kimura ex Honda; Norysca chinensis (Linnaeus) Spach; N. chinensis var. salicifolia (Siebold & Zuccarini) Y. Kimura; N. salicifolia (Siebold & Zuccarini) K. Koch.
Shrubs, 0.5-1.3 m tall, bushy or usually with branches lax, spreading. Stems 2(-4)-lined and ancipitous when young, soon terete; internodes 1-5 cm, shorter than leaves. Leaves with petiole 1.5-2 mm; blade oblong to elliptic, 2.5-5 × 1.2-2.3 cm, thickly papery, abaxially paler but not glaucous; laminar glands very small dots; abaxial glands absent; main lateral veins 2- or 3-paired, all or upper sometimes uniting with midvein branches to form ± arched intramarginal vein, tertiary reticulation very dense, not very conspicuous; base cuneate to subangustate, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescence 1-15(-30)-flowered, from apical node, lax, shallowly round-topped, sometimes also from uppermost 1-3 nodes, rarely with 1 or 2 pairs of flowering branches; bracts caducous, linear-lanceolate, small. Pedicels 0.8-2.8(-5) cm. Flowers 3-6.5 cm in diam., stellate; buds ovoid, apex subacute to obtuse. Sepals ± spreading, broadly to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, equal to unequal, 4.5-13 × 1.5-6 mm; laminar glands basally lines to streaks, dots toward apex, margin entire, apex acute to rounded. Petals golden yellow to lemon yellow, triangular-obovate, 2-3.4 × 1-2 cm, 2.5-4.5 × as long as sepals; margin entire, eglandular; apiculus lateral, acute to rounded or obsolete. Stamen fascicles each with 25-35 stamens, longest 1.8-3.2 cm, ca. as long as petals. Ovary ovoid or ovoid-conic to subglobose, 2.5-5 × 2.5-3 mm; styles 1.2-2 cm, 3.5-5 × as long as ovary, united nearly to apices then outcurved or very rarely to half free. Capsule broadly ovoid or rarely ovoid-conic to subglobose, 6-10 × 4-7 mm. Seeds dark reddish brown, ca. 2 mm, narrowly carinate; testa linear-reticulate. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 42*.
● Mountain slopes, roadsides, thickets in dry habitats; sea level to 200 m in lowland provinces, but up to 1500 m in Sichuan. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan (naturalized); widely cultivated in S Africa, E and S Asia, Australia, Central America, N and W Europe, Mauritius, and the West Indies].
Hypericum monogynum is very variable, but there are no gaps in the variation that would allow infraspecific classification. Four main forms can be recognized:

(i) Leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, base cuneate, apex acute; inflorescence very lax; sepals narrowly elliptic, apex acute ("salicifolium"). W Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.

(ii) Leaves narrowly oblong to lanceolate, base usually rounded, apex obtuse to rounded; inflorescence less lax; sepals narrowly oblong, obtuse ("obtusifolium"). E Hubei and Jiangxi southward and eastward to the coast; Taiwan, where the leaves are oblanceolate.

(iii) Leaves broadly oblong to broadly elliptic or lanceolate, base cuneate to cordate, apex acute to rounded; sepals broadly elliptic to broadly oblong or leaflike ("latisepalum"). W Hubei, Sichuan; also Guizhou and Shandong (probably introduced).

(iv) Leaves broadly elliptic-oblong to triangular-ovate or ovate, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to rounded; sepals narrowly elliptic, apex acute ("ovatum"). Sichuan.

《全国中草药汇编》:金丝桃

【拼音名】 Jīn Sī Táo
【别名】 金丝海棠、五心花
【来源】 金丝桃科金丝桃属植物金丝桃Hypericum chinense L.，以根入药。随时可采，晒干。
【性味】 苦，凉。
【功能主治】 清热解毒，祛风消肿。用于急性咽喉炎，眼结膜炎，肝炎，蛇咬伤。
【用法用量】 1～3钱。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》