三毛草Trisetum bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi
三毛草Trisetum bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi
5.三毛草（禾本科图说）蟹钓草（日名）图版36:4-6
Trisetum bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 45: 191. 1931; 禾本科图说481. 图412. 1959; 台湾禾草285. 图37. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 91. 图7012. 1976; 秦岭植物志1(1) : 121. 1976;江苏植物志 (上) : 197. 图329. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 422. 图1384. 1978. ——Bromus bifidus Thurb. Fl. Jap. 53. 1784.——Trisetum flavescens var. papilosum Hack. in Bull, Herb. Boiss. 7: 702. 1899; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1292. 1936. ——Trisetum flavescens var. macrantham Hack. 1. c. 703. 1899; Hand.-Mazz. 1. c. 7: 1292. 1936. ——Trisetum flavescens var. bifidum Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 215. 1912.
多年生。须根细弱较稠密。秆直立或基部膝曲，光滑无毛，高30-100厘米，具2-5节。叶鞘松弛，无毛，常短于节间；叶舌膜质，长0.5-2毫米；叶片扁平，长5-15厘米，宽3-6毫米，常无毛。圆锥花序疏展，长圆形，有光泽，黄绿色或褐绿色，长10-25厘米，宽2-4厘米，分枝纤细，光滑无毛，每节多枚，多上升，稍开展，长达10厘米；小穗长6-8毫米，含2-3小花；小穗轴节间长约1.5毫米，被白色或浅褐色短毛或下部稀疏；颖膜质，不相等，先端尖，背脊粗糙，第一颖长2-3.5毫米，具1脉，第二颖长4-6毫米，具3脉；外稃黄绿色、褐色，纸质，先端浅2裂，裂片长1-1.5毫米，边缘膜质，背部点状粗糙，第一外稃长6-7毫米，基盘被长0.5毫米短毛，顶端以下约2毫米处生芒，其芒细弱，长7-10毫米，常向外反曲；内稃透明膜质，甚短于外稃，长3.5-4毫米，背部向外拱作弧形，先端微2裂，具2脊，脊被小纤毛；鳞被2，透明膜质，长约1毫米，先端齿裂；雄蕊3，花药黄色，长0.5-1毫米。花期4-6月。
产甘肃、西藏（亚东下司马）、陕西、河南、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南、广西、广东等省区。生于海拔490-2500米的山坡路旁、林荫处及沟边湿草地。分布于朝鲜及日本。模式标本采自日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Trisetum bifidum (Thunberg) Ohwi
三毛草 san mao cao
Bromus bifidus Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 119. 1784; Avena bifida (Thunberg) P. Beauvois; Trisetum flavescens (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois var. bifidum (Thunberg) Makino; T. flavescens var. macranthum Hackel; T. flavescens var. papillosum Hackel.
Perennial, tussocky. Culms erect or geniculate at base, 30–100 cm tall, glabrous, 2–5-noded. Leaf sheaths usually shorter than internodes, glabrous or pilose, margins joined in lower part; leaf blades flat, soft, up to 20 cm, 3–6 mm wide, glabrous or occasionally pilose; ligule 0.5–2 mm. Panicle lax, oblong to lanceolate-oblong in outline, 10–25 cm, often nodding, yellow-green or brown green; branches 2 or 3 at basal node, scaberulous, lowest up to 10 cm. Spikelets 6–8 mm, florets 2 or 3; rachilla hairs 0.2–0.5 mm; glumes unequal, lower glume 2–3.5 mm, upper glume 4–7 mm, apex acuminate; callus pubescent; lemmas 5–7 mm, firm, golden brown, punctate-scabrid, awned from upper 1/4, apex 2-toothed, teeth 1–2 mm, aristulate; awn 7–10 mm, fine, strongly recurved near base, not twisted; palea 1/2(–2/3) length of lemma, keels conspicuously convex, ciliolate. Anthers 0.5–1 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun.
Forests, roadsides, moist grassy ditch banks; 500–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, New Guinea].
别名：蟹钓草;蟹沟草;蟹钩草;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：三毛草属 Trisetum
5.三毛草（禾本科图说）蟹钓草（日名）图版36:4-6
Trisetum bifidum (Thunb.) Ohwi in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 45: 191. 1931; 禾本科图说481. 图412. 1959; 台湾禾草285. 图37. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 91. 图7012. 1976; 秦岭植物志1(1) : 121. 1976;江苏植物志 (上) : 197. 图329. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 422. 图1384. 1978. ——Bromus bifidus Thurb. Fl. Jap. 53. 1784.——Trisetum flavescens var. papilosum Hack. in Bull, Herb. Boiss. 7: 702. 1899; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1292. 1936. ——Trisetum flavescens var. macrantham Hack. 1. c. 703. 1899; Hand.-Mazz. 1. c. 7: 1292. 1936. ——Trisetum flavescens var. bifidum Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 215. 1912.
多年生。须根细弱较稠密。秆直立或基部膝曲，光滑无毛，高30-100厘米，具2-5节。叶鞘松弛，无毛，常短于节间；叶舌膜质，长0.5-2毫米；叶片扁平，长5-15厘米，宽3-6毫米，常无毛。圆锥花序疏展，长圆形，有光泽，黄绿色或褐绿色，长10-25厘米，宽2-4厘米，分枝纤细，光滑无毛，每节多枚，多上升，稍开展，长达10厘米；小穗长6-8毫米，含2-3小花；小穗轴节间长约1.5毫米，被白色或浅褐色短毛或下部稀疏；颖膜质，不相等，先端尖，背脊粗糙，第一颖长2-3.5毫米，具1脉，第二颖长4-6毫米，具3脉；外稃黄绿色、褐色，纸质，先端浅2裂，裂片长1-1.5毫米，边缘膜质，背部点状粗糙，第一外稃长6-7毫米，基盘被长0.5毫米短毛，顶端以下约2毫米处生芒，其芒细弱，长7-10毫米，常向外反曲；内稃透明膜质，甚短于外稃，长3.5-4毫米，背部向外拱作弧形，先端微2裂，具2脊，脊被小纤毛；鳞被2，透明膜质，长约1毫米，先端齿裂；雄蕊3，花药黄色，长0.5-1毫米。花期4-6月。
产甘肃、西藏（亚东下司马）、陕西、河南、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南、广西、广东等省区。生于海拔490-2500米的山坡路旁、林荫处及沟边湿草地。分布于朝鲜及日本。模式标本采自日本。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Trisetum bifidum (Thunberg) Ohwi
三毛草 san mao cao
Bromus bifidus Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 119. 1784; Avena bifida (Thunberg) P. Beauvois; Trisetum flavescens (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois var. bifidum (Thunberg) Makino; T. flavescens var. macranthum Hackel; T. flavescens var. papillosum Hackel.
Perennial, tussocky. Culms erect or geniculate at base, 30–100 cm tall, glabrous, 2–5-noded. Leaf sheaths usually shorter than internodes, glabrous or pilose, margins joined in lower part; leaf blades flat, soft, up to 20 cm, 3–6 mm wide, glabrous or occasionally pilose; ligule 0.5–2 mm. Panicle lax, oblong to lanceolate-oblong in outline, 10–25 cm, often nodding, yellow-green or brown green; branches 2 or 3 at basal node, scaberulous, lowest up to 10 cm. Spikelets 6–8 mm, florets 2 or 3; rachilla hairs 0.2–0.5 mm; glumes unequal, lower glume 2–3.5 mm, upper glume 4–7 mm, apex acuminate; callus pubescent; lemmas 5–7 mm, firm, golden brown, punctate-scabrid, awned from upper 1/4, apex 2-toothed, teeth 1–2 mm, aristulate; awn 7–10 mm, fine, strongly recurved near base, not twisted; palea 1/2(–2/3) length of lemma, keels conspicuously convex, ciliolate. Anthers 0.5–1 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun.
Forests, roadsides, moist grassy ditch banks; 500–2500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, New Guinea].
