仰卧早熟禾Poa supina schrad.
仰卧早熟禾Poa supina schrad.
117.仰卧早熟禾（新疆植物检索表）图版22：11
Poa supina Schrad. , Fl. Germ. 1: 289. 1806; Bor in Rech. f. Fl. Iran. 70: 30. 1970; Tzvel. in Fed. Poac. URSS 465. 1976; J. R. Edm. in Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 5: 161. 1980; T. A. Cope. , Fl. Pakist. 143: 399. 1982; Davis, Fl. Turkey 9: 474. 1985; 新疆植物检索表1: 127. 1982; 横断山区维管植物2: 2191, 1994. ——Poa annua L. var. supina(Schrad.)Link in Hort. Berol. 1: 181. 1827; 中国草地饲用植物资源307. 1994; 新疆植物志6: 100, pl. 36: 1-4. 1994.
多年生，具短根状茎。秆丛生，平滑无毛，高10-20厘米。叶舌钝，长1-1.5毫米；叶片扁平，通常对折，长2-6厘米，宽2-3毫米，质地柔软，平滑无毛，边缘微粗糙，顶端变窄成一尖头。圆锥花序金字塔形，长2-3厘米，宽约2厘米，疏生少数小穗；分枝平滑，单生或孪生，花后广开展；小穗卵形，含4-6小花，长3.5-5毫米，带紫色；两颖不相等，第一颖长圆形，长1.5毫米，具1脉，第二颖椭圆形，长2-2.5毫米，具3脉；外稃椭圆形或长圆状卵形，顶端钝，脊与边脉具柔毛，基盘无绵毛，第一外稃长约3.5毫米；内稃短于外稃，两脊具纤毛；花药长1.2-1.8毫米。花果期6-8月，染色体2n＝14（Nannfeldt 1937a，Probatova et Sokolovskaya 1984a）。
新疆大部分地区、西藏、云南、四川。生于山坡草甸或湿地牧场，海拔800-3100米。分布于印度、克什米尔、巴基斯坦、伊拉克、阿富汗、俄罗斯西伯利亚、中亚、欧洲。模式标本采自奥地利。
形态特征：二年生或多年生草本，基部具短而下伸的根状茎。秆细弱，光滑，高10—20cm。叶鞘平滑；叶片扁平，宽1.5—3mm。圆锥花序疏展，分枝平滑，长3—6cm；小穗椭圆形，含3—6花，长3.5—4（5）mm；颖披针形，顶端锐尖，中部以上边缘膜质长2—2.2mm；外稃椭圆至卵圆形，长2.l—3.1mm，脊和边脉中部以下具柔毛，基盘无长绵毛，内稃短于外稃，脊上具长柔毛；花约长1.5—2mm（图30）。
地理分布：分布的天山、阿尔泰山和准噶尔西部山地；蒙古．中亚、西伯利亚及欧洲也有。
生态特征：仰卧早熟禾是——补喜阴湿、耐寒冷的疏丛型下繁禾草。适宜土壤为山地黑钙上，山地灰褐色森林土和亚高山草甸土，在天山北坡海拔1500—2400m的吐，地草甸，仰卧早熟禾作为伴生种参与由天山羽衣草(Al-chemillatiansc-hanica)、珠芽蓼(Polygonumviviparum)、穗三毛(Trisetumspi-catum)、草地早熟禾、橙舌飞蓬(Erigeronaurantiacus)、黑花苔草(Carexmelanantha)、羊角芹(AegopodiumSp.)等组成的禾草+杂类草草场型，草场植被总盖度为70—90％，草层高度15—50cm，鲜草3．0—3．75t／ha。在新疆仰卧早熟禾通常于4月中下旬返青，6月抽穗，7月开花结实，9—10月间开始枯黄。饲用价值仰卧早熟禾青鲜时全株质地柔软，各类家畜均喜食，尤其是羊嗜食，干枯后茎叶残留量较多，各类牲畜均采食，是适宜于牲畜放牧利刚的优等牧草。其化学成分见表30。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Poa supina Schrader
仰卧早熟禾 yang wo zao shu he
Poa variegata A. Haller, Cat. Pl. Helv. 38. 1800, not Lamarck (1791); P. annua Linnaeus var. supina (Schrader) Link; P. supina subsp. ustulata (S. E. Fr?hner) ┴. L?ve & D. L?ve; P. ustulata S. E. Fr?hner.
Perennials, sometimes stoloniferous; shoots mostly extravaginal. Culms tufted or isolated, oblique, decumbent at base, frequently geniculate above, soft, (4–)8–20(–30) cm tall, 0.5–0.7 mm in diam., smooth, nodes 1 or 2(–3), 1(or 2) exserted. Leaf sheaths thin, smooth, basal ones drying pale brown and soon withering, enclosing culm bases, uppermost closed for 1/4–1/3 of length, 1.5–5 × longer than blade; blade light green, flat or folded, thin, 2–6 cm × 2–3 mm, surfaces smooth, margins smooth or sparsely scabrid, apex acutely prow-tipped; ligule 0.6–1.5 mm, abaxially smooth, glabrous, apex obtuse. Panicle open to loosely contracted, compactly pyramidal to ovoid, diffuse to moderately congested, (1.5–)2–5 cm, 1–2 × as long as wide; branches ascending to spreading, 1 or 2 per node, rounded, smooth, longest to 2 cm with 2–8 spikelets in distal 1/2. Spikelets ovate to oblong, light green, frequently purple tinged, 3.5–5(–6) mm, florets 3–6, distal fertile florets often female; vivipary absent; rachilla internodes 0.5–0.8 mm, smooth, glabrous; glumes unequal, smooth or sparsely scabrid, membranous-papery, lower glume lanceolate and acute to subflabellate and obtuse, ca. 1.5 mm, 1-veined, upper glume elliptic, 2–2.5 mm, margin angled, 3-veined; lemmas elliptic or oblong to ovate, membranous-papery, 1.4–3.5(–4) mm, keel and marginal veins sparsely villous or glabrous, smooth, intermediate veins distinct, margins smooth, apex obtuse; callus glabrous; palea keels smooth, hooks absent, shortly villous for most of length. Anthers (1.2–)1.5–1.8(–2.5) mm, or vestigial. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 14, 28.
Alpine and subalpine meadows on slopes, moist places; 1000–3100 m. Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Tajikistan; SW Asia, Europe, North America].
Poa supina has been divided into two taxa since the plants from C Asia, the Himalayas, and Xizang, including some but not all of the material from China, are more densely tufted and less stoloniferous than material from elsewhere. In addition, the branches are reduced to 1 per node, often rebranched near the base, and the palea looks minutely bumpy because of the globose, short cells between the veins. This material could be distinguished as P. supina subsp. ustulata. However, aside from the habit, the differences cited do not seem constant in the material from China, and material from NW China matches P. supina s.s.
别名：supine bluegrass;
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：早熟禾属 Poa
117.仰卧早熟禾（新疆植物检索表）图版22：11
Poa supina Schrad. , Fl. Germ. 1: 289. 1806; Bor in Rech. f. Fl. Iran. 70: 30. 1970; Tzvel. in Fed. Poac. URSS 465. 1976; J. R. Edm. in Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 5: 161. 1980; T. A. Cope. , Fl. Pakist. 143: 399. 1982; Davis, Fl. Turkey 9: 474. 1985; 新疆植物检索表1: 127. 1982; 横断山区维管植物2: 2191, 1994. ——Poa annua L. var. supina(Schrad.)Link in Hort. Berol. 1: 181. 1827; 中国草地饲用植物资源307. 1994; 新疆植物志6: 100, pl. 36: 1-4. 1994.
多年生，具短根状茎。秆丛生，平滑无毛，高10-20厘米。叶舌钝，长1-1.5毫米；叶片扁平，通常对折，长2-6厘米，宽2-3毫米，质地柔软，平滑无毛，边缘微粗糙，顶端变窄成一尖头。圆锥花序金字塔形，长2-3厘米，宽约2厘米，疏生少数小穗；分枝平滑，单生或孪生，花后广开展；小穗卵形，含4-6小花，长3.5-5毫米，带紫色；两颖不相等，第一颖长圆形，长1.5毫米，具1脉，第二颖椭圆形，长2-2.5毫米，具3脉；外稃椭圆形或长圆状卵形，顶端钝，脊与边脉具柔毛，基盘无绵毛，第一外稃长约3.5毫米；内稃短于外稃，两脊具纤毛；花药长1.2-1.8毫米。花果期6-8月，染色体2n＝14（Nannfeldt 1937a，Probatova et Sokolovskaya 1984a）。
新疆大部分地区、西藏、云南、四川。生于山坡草甸或湿地牧场，海拔800-3100米。分布于印度、克什米尔、巴基斯坦、伊拉克、阿富汗、俄罗斯西伯利亚、中亚、欧洲。模式标本采自奥地利。
形态特征：二年生或多年生草本，基部具短而下伸的根状茎。秆细弱，光滑，高10—20cm。叶鞘平滑；叶片扁平，宽1.5—3mm。圆锥花序疏展，分枝平滑，长3—6cm；小穗椭圆形，含3—6花，长3.5—4（5）mm；颖披针形，顶端锐尖，中部以上边缘膜质长2—2.2mm；外稃椭圆至卵圆形，长2.l—3.1mm，脊和边脉中部以下具柔毛，基盘无长绵毛，内稃短于外稃，脊上具长柔毛；花约长1.5—2mm（图30）。
地理分布：分布的天山、阿尔泰山和准噶尔西部山地；蒙古．中亚、西伯利亚及欧洲也有。
生态特征：仰卧早熟禾是——补喜阴湿、耐寒冷的疏丛型下繁禾草。适宜土壤为山地黑钙上，山地灰褐色森林土和亚高山草甸土，在天山北坡海拔1500—2400m的吐，地草甸，仰卧早熟禾作为伴生种参与由天山羽衣草(Al-chemillatiansc-hanica)、珠芽蓼(Polygonumviviparum)、穗三毛(Trisetumspi-catum)、草地早熟禾、橙舌飞蓬(Erigeronaurantiacus)、黑花苔草(Carexmelanantha)、羊角芹(AegopodiumSp.)等组成的禾草+杂类草草场型，草场植被总盖度为70—90％，草层高度15—50cm，鲜草3．0—3．75t／ha。在新疆仰卧早熟禾通常于4月中下旬返青，6月抽穗，7月开花结实，9—10月间开始枯黄。饲用价值仰卧早熟禾青鲜时全株质地柔软，各类家畜均喜食，尤其是羊嗜食，干枯后茎叶残留量较多，各类牲畜均采食，是适宜于牲畜放牧利刚的优等牧草。其化学成分见表30。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Poa supina Schrader
仰卧早熟禾 yang wo zao shu he
Poa variegata A. Haller, Cat. Pl. Helv. 38. 1800, not Lamarck (1791); P. annua Linnaeus var. supina (Schrader) Link; P. supina subsp. ustulata (S. E. Fr?hner) ┴. L?ve & D. L?ve; P. ustulata S. E. Fr?hner.
Perennials, sometimes stoloniferous; shoots mostly extravaginal. Culms tufted or isolated, oblique, decumbent at base, frequently geniculate above, soft, (4–)8–20(–30) cm tall, 0.5–0.7 mm in diam., smooth, nodes 1 or 2(–3), 1(or 2) exserted. Leaf sheaths thin, smooth, basal ones drying pale brown and soon withering, enclosing culm bases, uppermost closed for 1/4–1/3 of length, 1.5–5 × longer than blade; blade light green, flat or folded, thin, 2–6 cm × 2–3 mm, surfaces smooth, margins smooth or sparsely scabrid, apex acutely prow-tipped; ligule 0.6–1.5 mm, abaxially smooth, glabrous, apex obtuse. Panicle open to loosely contracted, compactly pyramidal to ovoid, diffuse to moderately congested, (1.5–)2–5 cm, 1–2 × as long as wide; branches ascending to spreading, 1 or 2 per node, rounded, smooth, longest to 2 cm with 2–8 spikelets in distal 1/2. Spikelets ovate to oblong, light green, frequently purple tinged, 3.5–5(–6) mm, florets 3–6, distal fertile florets often female; vivipary absent; rachilla internodes 0.5–0.8 mm, smooth, glabrous; glumes unequal, smooth or sparsely scabrid, membranous-papery, lower glume lanceolate and acute to subflabellate and obtuse, ca. 1.5 mm, 1-veined, upper glume elliptic, 2–2.5 mm, margin angled, 3-veined; lemmas elliptic or oblong to ovate, membranous-papery, 1.4–3.5(–4) mm, keel and marginal veins sparsely villous or glabrous, smooth, intermediate veins distinct, margins smooth, apex obtuse; callus glabrous; palea keels smooth, hooks absent, shortly villous for most of length. Anthers (1.2–)1.5–1.8(–2.5) mm, or vestigial. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 14, 28.
Alpine and subalpine meadows on slopes, moist places; 1000–3100 m. Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Kashmir, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia (Far East, Siberia), Tajikistan; SW Asia, Europe, North America].
Poa supina has been divided into two taxa since the plants from C Asia, the Himalayas, and Xizang, including some but not all of the material from China, are more densely tufted and less stoloniferous than material from elsewhere. In addition, the branches are reduced to 1 per node, often rebranched near the base, and the palea looks minutely bumpy because of the globose, short cells between the veins. This material could be distinguished as P. supina subsp. ustulata. However, aside from the habit, the differences cited do not seem constant in the material from China, and material from NW China matches P. supina s.s.
