多鞘早熟禾Poa polycolea Stapf

别名：疏花早熟禾;疏穗早熟禾;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：早熟禾属 Poa

《中国植物志》第9(2)卷127页
  51．多鞘早熟禾（西藏植物志）图版21：4
  Poa polycolea Stapf in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7:342. 1896; Stew. in Brittonia 5:420. 1945; Bor in Rech. f. Fl. Iran. 70:39. 1970; Meld. in Hara et al. Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal 1:143. 1978; Th. A. Cope in E Nasir, Fl. Pakist. 143:416. 1982; 西藏植物志5: 107, 图56. 1987:横断山区维管植物2: 2186. 1994.
  多年生。秆直立或膝曲上升，高15-40厘米，具横走匍匐茎。叶鞘草黄色，枯老后呈干膜质聚集于秆基；叶舌长1.5-3毫米，顶端截平；叶片扁平或内卷狭窄成刚毛状，长4-8厘米，宽1-2.5毫米，有时基部近圆形，边缘或下面粗糙。圆锥花序疏展，直立或下垂，长5-10厘米，分枝平滑，2-5枚着生于主轴下部各节，细长，开展，曲折；小穗含2-4小花，长4-7毫米，带紫色；小穗轴节间较长，侧面可见；颖不等长，第一颖狭披针形，长2.5-3 (-3.5)毫米，具1脉；第二颖椭圆形，长3-3.5 (-5)毫米，具3脉；外稃长圆状椭圆形，顶端钝，脊与边脉下部具柔毛，脉间被细毛或无毛，基盘具稀少或无绵毛，第一外稃长约5.5毫米，上部小花的外稃长3.5-4毫米；内稃短于其外稃，两脊粗糙；花药长2-2.5毫米。花果期6-8月。
  产西藏东南部、西部、东北部和四川西部（马尔康）、青海。生于高山草甸或山坡疏林下，海拔3000-5000米。克什米尔地区、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、阿富汗、伊朗有分布。模式标本采自喜马拉雅西部。
  本种外稃基盘无毛，脉间贴生微毛，具光泽，小穗轴侧面可见，以及叶片狭窄，具发达匍匐茎和开展圆锥花序，或出现雌雄异株，易与他种相区别。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Poa polycolea  Stapf
多鞘早熟禾   duo qiao zao shu he
Poa chalarantha Keng ex L. Liu; P. gilgitica DickorΘ; P. lithophila Keng ex L. Liu; P. maerkangica L. Liu; P. triglumis Keng ex L. Liu.
Perennials, loosely to densely tufted, often shortly stoloniferous or rhizomatous; shoots extra- and intravaginal. Culms erect, decumbent, or ascending, usually several per tuft, 10–60(–75) cm tall, 0.5–1 mm in diam., smooth, nodes 1–3, 1 or 2 exserted, uppermost usually 1/4–1/3 way up. Lowermost leaf sheaths closely overlapping, straw colored, often somewhat thickly papery and persistent, not or only slightly fibrous, lower and middle sheaths 1–1.3(–1.5) mm wide distally, with distinct closely spaced ribs, membranous between ribs, smooth or scabrid, sometimes retrorsely hispidulous, uppermost smooth, glabrous, 4–20 cm, 1/2–4 × as long as blade, closed for ca. 1/2 of length; blade flat or folded with inrolled margins, thin, 2–10(–20) cm × 0.8–1.5(–2.5) mm, abaxially often shiny, smooth, ribs distinct, margins finely scabrid, adaxially smooth or sparsely scabrid, glabrous or strigose, of tillers with margins inrolled, to 20(–30) cm, adaxially smooth or scabrid, glabrous or pilulose to strigose, visible veins 5–9 including keel; lower ligules 0.1–0.5 mm, adaxially smooth or scabrid, apex truncate, glabrous or ciliolate, upper to 0.5–1(–2.2) mm, apex truncate to obtuse, collar margins abruptly flared, smooth or scabrid, glabrous or lower ones ciliate to strigose. Panicle open, erect or diffuse, 5–15(–20) × 2–9 cm, longest internodes 1–3(–3.5) cm; branches spreading to reflexed, 2–5 per node, capillary, usually angled, scabrid, longest 3–9 cm with 2–9 spikelets in distal 1/3–1/2. Spikelets lanceolate, green or purple tinged, 4–7 mm, florets 2–4(–5), commonly female, sometimes whole inflorescence female; vivipary absent; rachilla internodes 0.7–1.6 mm, smooth or slightly bumpy, or scabrid, usually visible laterally; glumes membranous-papery, generally shiny, keel and veins scabrid, surface smooth (rarely slightly scabrid distally), apex acute to acuminate, lower glume subulate, 1.5–3(–4) mm, 1/3–1/2 as wide as upper, 1(or 3)-veined, upper glume elliptic, 3–4(–5) mm, 3-veined; lemmas lanceolate, very thinly papery, 3–5(–5.5) mm, keel straight, 5(or 7)-veined, margins membranous, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous, or keel sparsely pilulose to shortly villous for 2/3 of length, marginal veins for 1/2 of length, intermediate veins conspicuous, area between them smooth or sparsely scabrid, glabrous or basally pilulose; callus usually sparsely webbed, hairs less than 1/2 as long as lemma; paleas smooth, minutely bumpy, or scabrid, glabrous or pilulose between keels, keels scabrid, sometimes medially pilulose. Anthers (2–)2.3–3 mm, or vestigial. Fl. and fr. Jun–Aug.
Common in alpine rocky slopes, mountain slopes, meadows among thickets, coniferous, Quercus, and Larix forests on slopes; 3000–5000 m. Qinghai, W Sichuan, SW Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan].
Poa polycolea is a distinctive and common species of the upper mountains from west to east along the Himalayas, extending northward through Hengduan Shan. It has slender culms and blades, short ligules, and long anthers, or florets, spikelets, or inflorescences that are female. It is quite variable in floret vestiture, and in the east it grades toward P. asperifolia, which has stouter culms with more raised nodes and longer leaf blades and ligules, and P. tangii, which has softer leaves and smooth branches, broader first glumes, and more often blunt lemmas. Infrequently some spikelets have an additional sterile bract above the 2 normal glumes as in the type of P. triglumis.