稻Oryza sativa Linn.

别名：黑米;谷芽;谷子;谷;禾;黑谷子;稻芽;稻子;旱稻;亚洲栽培稻;粳米;梗谷奴;蘖米;稌;糯稻根;梗米;稻谷;籼稻;糯米;糯稻;米糠;粳稻;水稻;粳;道图日嘎;栽培稻;rice;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：稻属 Oryza

《中国植物志》第9(2)卷006页
  4．稻（名医别录）糯、粳（名医别录）图版1：1-3
  Oryza sativa L. Sp. Pl. 333. 1753; Hitchc. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 7: 205. 1931. et n Man. Grass. U. S. 556. fig. 807. 1951; Ohwi in Journ. Jap. Bot. 17: 497. 1941; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 605. 1960; Hsu in Fl. E. Himalaya 370. 1966; Gill. , Fl. Malaya 5: 99. 1971; Tzvel. in Fed. Poac. URSS 98. 1976; Tutin et al. , Fl. Europ. 5 260. 1980;中国主要植物图说·禾本科627,图566, 1959;台湾的禾草319, 图4, 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 43, 图6916. 1976; 海南植物志4: 396. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 380. 1978; 西藏植物志5: 60. 1987.
  一年生水生草本。秆直立，高0.5-1.5米，随品种而异。叶鞘松弛，无毛；叶舌披针形，长10-25厘米，两侧基部下延长成叶鞘边缘，具2枚镰形抱茎的叶耳；叶片线状披针形，长40厘米左右，宽约1厘米，无毛，粗糙。圆锥花序大型疏展，长约30厘米，分枝多，棱粗糙，成熟期向下弯垂；小穗含1成熟花，两侧甚压扁，长圆状卵形至椭圆形，长约10毫米，宽2-4毫米；颖极小，仅在小穗柄先端留下半月形的痕迹，退化外稃2枚，锥刺状，长2-4毫米；两侧孕性花外稃质厚，具5脉，中脉成脊，表面有方格状小乳状突起，厚纸质，遍布细毛端毛较密，有芒或无芒；内稃与外稃同质，具3脉，先端尖而无喙；雄蕊6枚，花药长2-3毫米。颖果长约5毫米，宽约2毫米，厚约1-1.5毫米；胚比小，约为颖果长的1/4。染色体2n＝24（Shu et Qu 1985, Yao Z．1984），x＝12（Mukhergee et Debnath 1985）。
  稻是亚洲热带广泛种植的重要谷物，我国南方为主要产稻区，北方各省均有栽种。种下主要分为2亚种，籼稻与粳稻。亚种下包括栽培品种极多。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Oryza sativa  Linnaeus
稻   dao
Oryza formosana Masamune & Suzuki; O. sativa var. for-mosana (Masamune & Suzuki) Yeh & Henderson.
Annual, aquatic, tufted. Culms erect, rooting at lower submerged nodes, 0.5–1.5 m tall. Leaf sheaths slightly inflated below, upper sheaths tight, glabrous, auricles falcate, ciliate; leaf blades 25–60 × 0.5–2 cm, glabrous, smooth or scabrid on both sides, margins scabrid, apex acuminate; ligule 10–40 mm. Panicle loosely contracted, up to 30 cm, nodding at maturity; branches 1–3 at lowest node, longest 2–12 cm, axils bearded or glabrous. Spikelets oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 7–10 mm, length 2–3.5 times width, persistent; sterile lemmas lanceolate, 1.5–4 mm, apex acuminate; fertile lemma papillose, spinulose, apex acuminate; awn very variable, slender or stout, up to 60 mm or more, scaberulous, sometimes absent. Anthers 1–3 mm. Caryopsis ovate or elliptic to cylindrical, 5–7 mm, whitish yellow to brown or blackish. 2n = 24.
Cultivated, mainly in flooded fields. Throughout most of China [domesticated in SE Asia].
This is the staple cereal rice, widely cultivated in tropical and warm-temperate parts of the world, and with many different cultivated races. It has the AA genome, and where Oryza rufipogon occurs as a weed in rice fields, intermediates may occur.