大叶直芒草Orthoraphium grandifolium (Keng) Keng ex P. C. Kuo
大叶直芒草Orthoraphium grandifolium (Keng) Keng ex P. C. Kuo
1．大叶直芒草（禾本科图说）图版74：7-11
Orthoraphium grandifolium (Keng) Keng ex P. C. Kuo,秦岭植物志1 (1) : 150. 图118. 1976. ——Stipa grandifolium Keng in Sinensia 4 (11) : 322. 1934. ——Orthoraphium grandifolium (Keng) Keng,禾本科图说599.图538. 1959, et中国高等植物图鉴5: 123.图7076. 1976, et江苏植物志 (上) : 210.图356. 1977. comb. illeg.
植株具短根茎。秆直立，单生或少数丛生，高达100厘米，径2-3毫米，具7-8节。叶鞘常长于节间，有时中部者稍短于节间，粗糙或生微毛；叶舌质硬，长0.5-2毫米，顶端平截，具不整齐的裂齿；叶片扁平，基部狭窄，长10-35厘米，宽10-18毫米，两面均粗糙。圆锥花序直立，窄狭，长20-35厘米，分枝单生或孪生，贴向主轴；小穗柄短，生微毛，侧生者长1-5毫米。小穗灰绿色或深绿色；两颖近等长，长13-15毫米，披针形，顶端渐尖，具7-9脉，脉间有小横脉；外稃长10-12毫米，质硬，成熟后褐色，具5条不明显的脉，背部稀疏地贴生短毛，边缘质较薄，幼嫩时相互覆盖，成熟后露出内稃，顶端微2裂，裂片有微毛，基盘短而钝，具髭毛，芒长25-35毫米，劲直，基部两侧有纵沟纹；内稃与外稃同质，具2条不明显的脉，脉间疏生短毛；花药顶端无毛，长约7毫米。花果期秋季。
产陕西、河北、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北。生于山坡、山谷林下、山沟草丛及路旁，海拔400-1500米。模式标本采自安徽祁门。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Achnatherum coreanum (Honda) Ohwi
大叶直芒草 da ye zhi mang cao
Stipa coreana Honda, Koryo Shikerin No Ippan: 80. 1932; Orthoraphium coreanum (Honda) Ohwi; Orthoraphium grandifolium (Keng) Keng ex P. C. Kuo; Patis coreana (Honda) Ohwi; Stipa grandifolia Keng.
Perennial from a short knotty rhizome. Culms solitary or few, stiffly erect, up to 1 m tall, 2–3 mm in diam., 7–8-noded. Leaves all cauline; leaf sheaths usually longer than internodes, scabrid or puberulous, pilose at collar; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, flat, 10–35 × 1–2 cm, scaberulous or puberulous especially on abaxial surface, base attenuate, apex finely acuminate; ligule 0.5–2 mm, truncate, erose. Panicle linear, 20–35 cm; branches single or paired, simple, puberulous. Spikelets gray-green or dark-green; glumes lanceolate, subequal, 13–15 mm, herbaceous, 7–9-veined with transverse veinlets, apex acuminate; callus obtuse, ca. 1 mm; lemma 1–1.2 cm, indurate at maturity, evenly pubescent, margins overlapping, apex shortly 2-toothed, teeth minutely hairy; awn persistent, 2.5–3.5 cm, scabrid, slightly twisted with lateral grooves below, upper part flexuous. Lodicules 2, lanceolate, ca. 1.8 mm. Anthers 5–7 mm. Ovary villous below styles. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
Hillsides, forests in mountain valleys, grassy places in gullies, near roads; 400–1500 m. Anhui, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
This species has firmer glumes with more veins than usual, only 2 lodicules, and a distinctive hairy ovary. It has been placed in the genus Orthoraphium, but appears to have very little affinity with the single Himalayan member of that genus. It is also rather anomalous in Achnatherum, but is placed here until generic limits in Stipeae are better understood.
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：直芒草属 Orthoraphium
1．大叶直芒草（禾本科图说）图版74：7-11
Orthoraphium grandifolium (Keng) Keng ex P. C. Kuo,秦岭植物志1 (1) : 150. 图118. 1976. ——Stipa grandifolium Keng in Sinensia 4 (11) : 322. 1934. ——Orthoraphium grandifolium (Keng) Keng,禾本科图说599.图538. 1959, et中国高等植物图鉴5: 123.图7076. 1976, et江苏植物志 (上) : 210.图356. 1977. comb. illeg.
植株具短根茎。秆直立，单生或少数丛生，高达100厘米，径2-3毫米，具7-8节。叶鞘常长于节间，有时中部者稍短于节间，粗糙或生微毛；叶舌质硬，长0.5-2毫米，顶端平截，具不整齐的裂齿；叶片扁平，基部狭窄，长10-35厘米，宽10-18毫米，两面均粗糙。圆锥花序直立，窄狭，长20-35厘米，分枝单生或孪生，贴向主轴；小穗柄短，生微毛，侧生者长1-5毫米。小穗灰绿色或深绿色；两颖近等长，长13-15毫米，披针形，顶端渐尖，具7-9脉，脉间有小横脉；外稃长10-12毫米，质硬，成熟后褐色，具5条不明显的脉，背部稀疏地贴生短毛，边缘质较薄，幼嫩时相互覆盖，成熟后露出内稃，顶端微2裂，裂片有微毛，基盘短而钝，具髭毛，芒长25-35毫米，劲直，基部两侧有纵沟纹；内稃与外稃同质，具2条不明显的脉，脉间疏生短毛；花药顶端无毛，长约7毫米。花果期秋季。
产陕西、河北、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北。生于山坡、山谷林下、山沟草丛及路旁，海拔400-1500米。模式标本采自安徽祁门。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Achnatherum coreanum (Honda) Ohwi
大叶直芒草 da ye zhi mang cao
Stipa coreana Honda, Koryo Shikerin No Ippan: 80. 1932; Orthoraphium coreanum (Honda) Ohwi; Orthoraphium grandifolium (Keng) Keng ex P. C. Kuo; Patis coreana (Honda) Ohwi; Stipa grandifolia Keng.
Perennial from a short knotty rhizome. Culms solitary or few, stiffly erect, up to 1 m tall, 2–3 mm in diam., 7–8-noded. Leaves all cauline; leaf sheaths usually longer than internodes, scabrid or puberulous, pilose at collar; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, flat, 10–35 × 1–2 cm, scaberulous or puberulous especially on abaxial surface, base attenuate, apex finely acuminate; ligule 0.5–2 mm, truncate, erose. Panicle linear, 20–35 cm; branches single or paired, simple, puberulous. Spikelets gray-green or dark-green; glumes lanceolate, subequal, 13–15 mm, herbaceous, 7–9-veined with transverse veinlets, apex acuminate; callus obtuse, ca. 1 mm; lemma 1–1.2 cm, indurate at maturity, evenly pubescent, margins overlapping, apex shortly 2-toothed, teeth minutely hairy; awn persistent, 2.5–3.5 cm, scabrid, slightly twisted with lateral grooves below, upper part flexuous. Lodicules 2, lanceolate, ca. 1.8 mm. Anthers 5–7 mm. Ovary villous below styles. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct.
Hillsides, forests in mountain valleys, grassy places in gullies, near roads; 400–1500 m. Anhui, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
This species has firmer glumes with more veins than usual, only 2 lodicules, and a distinctive hairy ovary. It has been placed in the genus Orthoraphium, but appears to have very little affinity with the single Himalayan member of that genus. It is also rather anomalous in Achnatherum, but is placed here until generic limits in Stipeae are better understood.
