弊草Hymenachne assamicum (Hook. f.) Hitchc.
弊草Hymenachne assamicum (Hook. f.) Hitchc.
4. 弊草（华南经济禾草）图版91：6-8
Hymenachne assamicum (Hook. f.) Hitchc. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 7: 222. 1931; 中国主要植物图说 禾本科637, 1959; Bor, Grass. Burm. Ceyl. Ind. Pakist 313. 1960. ——Panicum assamicum Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 40. 1890.
多年生。秆基部偃卧地面，并于节处生根，直立部分高50-70厘米，径约5毫米，无毛，具多数节，有分枝；叶鞘短于节间，一侧边缘密生疣基柔毛，节部稍膨大，褐色；叶舌短，长约0.5毫米；叶片质地较厚，长10-20厘米，宽6-12毫米，基部圆形，顶端长渐尖，下面或边缘疏生疣基柔毛。圆锥花序紧密呈穗状，长10-15厘米，宽约1厘米；分枝长1-2厘米，密生小穗，紧贴主轴；小穗柄微粗糙，长0.2-0.8毫米；小穗长圆状披针形，长3-3.2毫米，宽约1毫米；第一颖膜质，广卵形，长为小穗的1/3，具1或3脉；第二颖与第一外稃草质，具5脉，较平滑；第一外稃顶端尾尖，等长于小穗；第二外稃长约2.5毫米，质地薄，顶端尖。花果期7-10月。
产海南；生于水溪旁。印度东北部有分布。模式标本采自阿萨姆。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Hymenachne assamica (J. D. Hooker) Hitchcock
弊草 bi cao
Panicum assamicum J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 7: 40. 1896 ["1897"].
Culms decumbent, 50–70 cm tall, ca. 5 mm in diam., nodes many, brown, glabrous. Leaf sheaths with one margin tuberculate-ciliate; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 10–20 × 0.4–1.2 cm, a few setae at base above ligule, base rounded, apex acuminate; ligule 0.3–0.5 mm. Panicle narrow, dense, pale green, 8–18 × 1–3 cm; branches 1–4 cm, appressed to rachis with tightly clustered spikelets; rachis scabrous, narrowly winged; pedicels 0.2–0.8 mm, scabrous. Spikelets lanceolate, 3–3.2 × ca. 1 mm, veins scabrous toward apex, otherwise smooth, glumes and lower lemma not separated; lower glume broadly ovate, 1/3 spikelet length, 1–5-veined, acute; upper glume slightly shorter or as long as lower lemma, 5-veined, nearly smooth, sharply acute; lower lemma as long as spikelet, sharply acute; upper lemma ca. 2.5 mm, margins flat for most of their length or only toward apex, apex acute. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct.
Streams. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [NE India, Thailand].
科名：禾本科 Gramineae
属名：膜稃草属 Hymenachne
4. 弊草（华南经济禾草）图版91：6-8
Hymenachne assamicum (Hook. f.) Hitchc. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 7: 222. 1931; 中国主要植物图说 禾本科637, 1959; Bor, Grass. Burm. Ceyl. Ind. Pakist 313. 1960. ——Panicum assamicum Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 40. 1890.
多年生。秆基部偃卧地面，并于节处生根，直立部分高50-70厘米，径约5毫米，无毛，具多数节，有分枝；叶鞘短于节间，一侧边缘密生疣基柔毛，节部稍膨大，褐色；叶舌短，长约0.5毫米；叶片质地较厚，长10-20厘米，宽6-12毫米，基部圆形，顶端长渐尖，下面或边缘疏生疣基柔毛。圆锥花序紧密呈穗状，长10-15厘米，宽约1厘米；分枝长1-2厘米，密生小穗，紧贴主轴；小穗柄微粗糙，长0.2-0.8毫米；小穗长圆状披针形，长3-3.2毫米，宽约1毫米；第一颖膜质，广卵形，长为小穗的1/3，具1或3脉；第二颖与第一外稃草质，具5脉，较平滑；第一外稃顶端尾尖，等长于小穗；第二外稃长约2.5毫米，质地薄，顶端尖。花果期7-10月。
产海南；生于水溪旁。印度东北部有分布。模式标本采自阿萨姆。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Hymenachne assamica (J. D. Hooker) Hitchcock
弊草 bi cao
Panicum assamicum J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 7: 40. 1896 ["1897"].
Culms decumbent, 50–70 cm tall, ca. 5 mm in diam., nodes many, brown, glabrous. Leaf sheaths with one margin tuberculate-ciliate; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 10–20 × 0.4–1.2 cm, a few setae at base above ligule, base rounded, apex acuminate; ligule 0.3–0.5 mm. Panicle narrow, dense, pale green, 8–18 × 1–3 cm; branches 1–4 cm, appressed to rachis with tightly clustered spikelets; rachis scabrous, narrowly winged; pedicels 0.2–0.8 mm, scabrous. Spikelets lanceolate, 3–3.2 × ca. 1 mm, veins scabrous toward apex, otherwise smooth, glumes and lower lemma not separated; lower glume broadly ovate, 1/3 spikelet length, 1–5-veined, acute; upper glume slightly shorter or as long as lower lemma, 5-veined, nearly smooth, sharply acute; lower lemma as long as spikelet, sharply acute; upper lemma ca. 2.5 mm, margins flat for most of their length or only toward apex, apex acute. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct.
Streams. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [NE India, Thailand].
