羊茅Festuca ovina Linn.

别名：酥油草;宝体乌乐;狐茅;霍拜特嘎;酥细草;提皮恰克;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：羊茅属 Festuca

《中国植物志》第9(2)卷066页
  31.羊茅（本草纲目）酥油草（种子植物名称）图版9：1-4
  Festuca ovina L. Sp. Pl. 73. 1753; Tzvel. , Poac. URSS 415. 1976; E. Alexeev in Nov. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 15: 38, t. 7. f. 8. 1979; Markgraf-Dann. in Fl. Europ. 5: 145. 1980;中国主要植物图说·禾本科131, 图97. 1959. p. p;中国高等植物图鉴5: 59, 图6948. 1976; 秦岭植物志1(1): 75. 1976;江苏植物志(上): 163, 图263. 1977; 植物分类学报16(2): 99. 1978; 新疆植物检索表1: 116, 图版11. 图103. 1982; 内蒙古植物志7: 17, 图版30. 图5. 1983; 西藏植物志5: 93, 图48. 1987.
  多年生，密丛，鞘内分枝。秆具条棱，细弱，直立，平滑无毛或在花序下具微毛或粗糙，高15-20厘米，基部残存枯鞘。叶鞘开口几达基部，平滑，秆生者远长于其叶片；叶舌截平，具纤毛，长约0.2毫米；叶片内卷成针状，质较软，稍粗糙，长(2) 4-10（20）厘米，宽0.3-0.6毫米；叶横切面具维管束5-7，厚壁组织在下表皮内连续呈环状马蹄形，上表皮具稀疏的毛。圆锥花序紧缩呈穗状，长2-5厘米，宽4-8毫米；分枝粗糙，基部主枝长1-2厘米，侧生小穗柄短于小穗，稍粗糙；小穗淡绿色或紫红色，长4-6毫米，含3-5 (6)小花；小穗轴节间长约0.5毫米，被微毛；颖片披针形，顶端尖或渐尖，平滑或顶端以下稍糙涩，第一颖具1脉，长1.5-2.5毫米，第二颖具3脉，长2.5-3.5毫米；外稃背部粗糙或中部以下平滑，具5脉，顶端具芒，芒粗糙，长1-1.5毫米，第一外稃长3-3.5（4）毫米；内稃近等长于外稃，顶端微2裂，脊粗糙；花药黄色，长2-2.2毫米；子房顶端无毛。花果期6-9月。染色体2n＝14（Chuech 1936），21，28，42，49，56，70 (Jones K．1957）。
  产黑龙江、吉林（长白山）、内蒙古、陕西（秦岭）、甘肃、宁夏、青海、新疆、四川、云南、西藏、山东及安徽山区。江苏有栽培。生于海拔2200-4400米的高山草甸、草原、山坡草地、林下、灌丛及沙地。分布于欧亚大陆的温带地区。模式标本采自欧洲。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Festuca ovina  Linnaeus
羊茅   yang mao
Plant densely tufted; shoots intravaginal. Culms 10–60 cm tall; node 1. Leaf sheaths glabrous or basal leaf sheaths occasionally with trichomes; auricles present as erect swellings or absent; leaf blades filiform, conduplicate, (3–)8–25 cm × 0.3–0.6 mm, margins usually scabrid, veins 5(–7); adaxial to abaxial sclerenchyma strands absent, abaxial sclerenchyma in a continuous ring; ligule (0.1–)0.2–0.5 mm, margin ciliate. Panicle contracted, narrow, 2–8 cm; branches (0.5–)1–2 cm, 1 at lowest node. Spikelets 4–6 mm, greenish, purplish or brown; florets 3–6; glumes glabrous or scabrid below apex; lower glume narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.8–2.8 mm; upper glume lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 2.8–3.5 mm; rachilla internodes 0.8–1 mm; lemmas 3–4(–5) mm, punctiform or scabrid; awns 0.5–2 mm; palea keels scabrid. Anthers 1.5–2.2 mm. Ovary apex glabrous. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep.
Alpine meadows, steppe, grassy places in forests; 1600–4400 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Jiangsu (cultivated), Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; SW Asia (Caucasus), Europe, North America].
This is an extremely polymorphic species with a natural distribution throughout temperate and cold parts of the N hemisphere. It provides good forage on poor upland soils. Numerous variants have been recognized at infraspecific rank, often from different habitats and based on small differences in pubescence, size, proportion of vegetative and floral parts, and other characters. The name Festuca airoides Lamarck, a European segregate, has been applied to plants from the F. ovina complex in China.

Festuca ovina and related species (nos. 43–47) can be distinguished from members of the F. rubra complex as follows: plants densely tufted, without rhizomes; young leaf sheaths with free, overlapping margins; shoots intravaginal; leaf blades with only midrib or also two lateral ribs well defined; leaf sclerenchyma a continuous or broken subepidermal band, or 3 broad strands at midrib and margins.