金茅Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze

别名：山箭子草;假青茅;黄金茅;金矛;小颖羊茅;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：黄金茅属 Eulalia

《中国植物志》第10(2)卷083页
  1. 金茅（植物分类学报）假青茅（粤俗称）图版19：9-12
  Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891; 中国主要植物图说. 禾本科780, 图722. 1959; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 153, 157. 1960; 华东禾本科植物志245, 图163. 1962; 台湾的禾草691, 图241. 1975; 海南植物志4: 453-1977; 台湾植物志5: 653. 1978; 江苏植物志, 上册, 242, 图416. 1977.——Erianthus speciosus Debeaux in Acta Soc. Linn. Bordeaux. 32: 53. 1878.——Pollinia speciosa (Debeaux) Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 159. 1889.——Pseudopogonatherum speciosum (Debeaux) Ohwi in Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. No. 18: 3. 1947. ——Pollinia velutina Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 357. 1904, non Hack. (1889).
  秆高70-120厘米，通常无毛或紧接花序下部分有白色柔毛，节常被白粉；叶鞘下部者长于而上部者短于节间，无毛，惟基部者密生棕黄色绒毛；叶舌截平，长约1毫米；叶片长25-50厘米，宽4-7毫米，质硬，扁平或边缘内卷，除上面近基部有柔毛外，余均无毛。总状花序5-8枚，淡黄棕色至棕色。总状花序轴节间长3-4毫米，边缘具白色或淡黄色纤毛；无柄小穗长圆形，长约5毫米，基盘可具长为小穗1/6-1/3的柔毛；第一颖背部微凹，在其下半部常具淡黄色柔毛，具2脊，先端稍钝；第二颖舟形，背具1脉呈脊，在脊两旁常具柔毛，上部边缘具纤毛；第一小花通常仅一外稃，长圆状披针形，几与颖等长，上部边缘具微小纤毛；第二外稃较狭，长约3毫米，先端二浅裂，裂齿间伸出长约15毫米的芒，芒两回膝曲；第二内稃卵状长圆形，长约2毫米，先端钝，具小纤毛；雄蕊3枚，花药长约3.5毫米。有柄小穗相似于无柄小穗，具有与总状花序轴节间等长或稍短的柄。花果期8-11月。
  产于陕西南部、华东、华中、华南以及西南各地区；常生于山坡草地。朝鲜与印度也有分布。模式标本采自山东烟台。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Eulalia speciosa  (Debeaux) Kuntze
金茅   jin mao
Erianthus speciosus Debeaux, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 32: 53. 1878; Eulalia birmanica (J. D. Hooker) A. Camus; E. velutina (Hackel) O. Kuntze; Pollinia birmanica J. D. Hooker; P. phaeothrix Hackel var. aurea A. Camus; P. speciosa (Debeaux) Hackel; P. velutina Hackel; Pseudopogonatherum spe-ciosum (Debeaux) Ohwi.
Perennial, base swollen; basal sheaths woolly with golden brown hairs, becoming fibrous. Culms 0.7–2 m tall, 2–5 mm in diam., white-villous below inflorescence, nodes farinose, sometimes pilose. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose; leaf blades linear, 25–50 × 0.4–0.7 cm, adaxial surface farinose, white-pilose at base, otherwise glabrous, apex finely acuminate; ligule ca. 1 mm. Racemes 4–7(–13) on a 3–4 cm axis, 10–25 cm, hairs whitish, pale yellowish or golden brown; rachis internodes and pedicels 2/3 as long to subequaling spikelet, ciliate. Sessile spikelet 4.6–5.7 mm, dark brown; callus hairs 1/6–1/3 spikelet length; lower glume narrowly lanceolate-oblong, back concave, villous below middle, hairs evenly spread or concentrated at flanks, veinless between keels, upper keels stiffly ciliate, apex subobtuse; upper lemma narrow, margins pilose, 2-toothed in upper 1/3; awn 1.5–2 cm. Anthers ca. 3.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Aug–Nov.
Grassy hillsides. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei,Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, NE India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
This species is usually easy to recognize due to its swollen base clothed in golden brown, velvety sheaths, which split into fine fibers with age. Occasionally specimens occur with dark reddish brown or pallid basal hairs. These are simply color variants, and more than one color may even occur on the same specimen.

A particularly vigorous form from Yunnan, N Myanmar, and N Thailand has been separated as Eulalia birmanica. This has long, straight rachis internodes subequaling the spikelet. The type has dark brown basal sheath hairs, but other specimens with long rachis internodes have golden sheath hairs. It simply represents a rather extreme form of this variable species and intergrades with more typical forms.