方竹Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Fenzi) Makino

别名：四角竹;四季竹;棕竹;疣竹;角竹;方苦竹;叉口笋;标竹;筷竹;四方竹;箸竹;

科名：禾本科 Gramineae

属名：寒竹属 Chimonobambusa

《中国植物志》第9(1)卷340页
  13.方竹（李衎竹谱详录）方苦竹（祁天锡江苏植物名录），四方竹、四角竹（日本汉字名称）图版93：1-6
  Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Fenzi) Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 153. 1914; Nakai in Journ Arn. Arb. 6: 151. 1925; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学83页. 图61. 1937; 牧野富太郎, 日本植物图鉴875页, 图2624. 1940; 中国主要植物图说·禾本科93页. 图63. 1959; 江苏植物志, 上册149页. 图232. 1977; Issuke Tsubai, Illus. Jap. Bamb. 24. f. xliii. 1977; Fl. Taiwan 5: 741. pl. 1501. 1978; 观赏树木学(增订版)210页. 图75. 1981; Hsueh et Yi in Journ. Yunnan For. Coll. 1982(1): 32. 1982; X. Jiang et Q. Li in Bamb. Res. 2 (1): 45. 1983; 竹的种类及栽培利用 82页, 图27. 1984; 香港竹谱57页, 1985; 广西竹种及其栽培138页. 图74. 1987; 中国竹谱58页. 1988; Hsueh et W. P. Zhang in Bamb. Res. 7(3): 11. 1988; D. Ohrnb., Gen. Chimonobambusa 34. 1990.——Bambusa quadrangularis Fenzi in Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ort. 5: 401. 1880; Mitford in Garden 46: 547. 1894. et Bamb. Gard. 89.1896. ——Arundinaria quadrangularis (Fenzi)Makino in 1. c. 9: 71. 1895. et in ibid. 14: 63. 1900. D. McClintock in Plantsman Issue 1(1): 44. 1979. ——Phyllostachys quadrangularis (Fenzi)Rendle in Journ Linn. Sot. 36: 443. 1904. ——Chimonobambusa angulata Nakai in Rika Kyoiku(理科教育)15(16): 67. 1932.——Tetragonocalamus angulatus Nakai in Journ. Jap. Bot. 9 (2): 86. 89. f. 10. 1933; S. Suzuki, Index Jap. Bambusac. 17 (f. 15) 98. 99 (pl. 15), 339. 1978.——T. quadrangularis Nakai in Journ. Jap. Bot. 9(2): 90. 1933, pro syn. sub T. angulato (Munro)Nakai, nom. invalid.
  竿直立，高3-8米，粗1-4厘米，节间长8-22厘米，呈钝圆的四棱形，幼时密被向下的黄褐色小刺毛，毛落后仍留有疣基，故甚粗糙（尤以竿基部的节间为然），竿中部以下各节环列短而下弯的刺状气生根；竿环位干分枝各节者甚为隆起，不分枝的各节则较平坦；箨环初时有一圈金褐色绒毛环及小刺毛，以后渐变为无毛。箨鞘纸质或厚纸质，早落性，短于其节间，背面无毛或有时在中上部贴生极稀疏的小刺毛，鞘缘生纤毛，纵肋清晰，小横脉紫色，呈极明显方格状；箨耳及箨舌均不甚发达；箨片极小，锥形，长3-5毫米，基部与箨鞘相连接处无关节。末级小枝具2-5叶；叶鞘革质，光滑无毛，具纵肋，在背部上方近于具脊，外缘生纤毛；鞘口繸毛直立，平滑，易落；叶舌低矮，截形，边缘生细纤毛，背面生有小刺毛；叶片薄纸质，长椭圆状披针形，长8-29厘米，宽1-2.7厘米，先端锐尖，基部收缩为一长约1.8毫米的叶柄，叶片上表面无毛，下表面初被柔毛，后变为无毛，次脉4-7对，再次脉为5-7条。花枝呈总状或圆锥状排列，末级花枝纤细无毛，基部宿存有数片逐渐增大的苞片，具稀疏排列的假小穗2-4枚，有时在花枝基部节上即具一假小穗，此时苞片较少；假小穗细长，长2-3厘米，侧生假小穗仅有先出叶而无苞片；小穗含2-5朵小花，有时最下1或2朵花不孕，而仅具微小的内稃及小花的其他部分；小穗轴节间长4-6毫米，平滑无毛；颖1-3片，披针形，长4-5毫米；外稃纸质，绿色，披针形或卵状披针形，具5-7脉；内稃与外稃近等长；鳞被长卵形；花药长3.5-4毫米；柱头2，羽毛状。
  产江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南和广西等省区。日本也有分布。欧美一些国家有栽培。模式标本采自浙江温州。
  本种可供庭园观赏。竿可作手杖。因质地较脆，故不宜用劈篾编织；笋肉丰味美，但我国古籍则多谓其笋不中食，或系另有所指之故。
  上面的花部描述系根据易同培采自四川灌县的89069号标本写成。《中国主要植物图说·禾本科》(1959)第93页记载有本种的小穗等内容，这实是根据日本人中井猛之进对于Tetragonocalamus angulatus (Munro) Nakai之花部描述转译过来的。现已查明该项描述实是Bambusa breviflora Munro的花部标本混入方竹的材料中所致，故已不足为凭，而B. breviflora的花枝部分又是青竿竹B. tuldoides Munro的异名。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 22 (2006)
Chimonobambusa quadrangularis  (Franceschi) Makino
方竹   fang zhu
Bambusa quadrangularis Franceschi, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 5: 401. 1880; Arundinaria quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino; Phyllostachys quadrangularis (Franceschi) Rendle.
Culms erect, 3–8 m tall, to 2.5 cm in diam.; internodes obtusely 4-angled, 8–22 cm, sparsely coarsely scabrid, apically more densely so; nodes prominent, supra-nodal ridge raised at branching nodes, level at branchless nodes, lower nodes each with a ring of short, declined root thorns; sheath scar corky, initially with a fulvous, tomentose, minutely setose ring. Culm sheaths deciduous, shorter than internodes, papery, veins prominent, transverse veinlets purple-brown, margins ciliate; auricles, oral setae, and ligule absent; blade deciduous, subulate, 3–5 mm, articulate. Leaves 2–5 per ultimate branch; sheaths leathery, glabrous, margins apically ciliate; oral setae deciduous, erect, glabrate; ligule truncate, short, ciliate, with minute setae; pseudopetiole ca. 1.8 mm; blade elliptical to lanceolate, 8–29 × 1–2.7 cm, papery, abaxially initially pubescent, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 4–7-paired, tertiary veins 5–7, apex acuminate. Inflorescence racemose or paniculate, terminal ones slender, glabrous, subtended by persistent, gradually enlarged bracts. Spikelets (1 or)2–4, 2–3 cm, slender; florets 2–5, basal absent to 2 rudimentary. Glumes 1–3, lanceolate, 4–5 mm; lemma green, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subequal to palea, papery, 5–7-veined; lodicules narrowly ovate. Anthers 3.5–4 mm. Stigmas 2.
Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan; cultivated in Europe and North America].
Although Tetragonocalamus angulatus and Chimonobambusa angulata are widely assumed to be synonyms of C. quadrangularis, it has been known for some time that they are actually synonyms of Bambusa breviflora, itself now considered to be a synonym of B. tuldoides.

The inclusion of Chimonobambusa quadrangularis in the IUCN Red List is surprising, considering its wide distribution and the rather minor differences from several other species described later in China.