栏目

大籽獐牙菜Swertia macrosperma (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke

大籽獐牙菜Swertia macrosperma (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke

别名:大籽樟牙菜;美国秧;峦大当药;大籽獐芽菜;龙胆草;

科名:龙胆科 Gentianaceae

属名:獐牙菜属 Swertia

《中国植物志》第62卷397页
  62.大籽獐牙菜(中国高等植物图鉴)图版65:1-3
  Swertia macrosperma (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 123. 1883; Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 46: 318. 1899; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 539. 1900; Forrest in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 4: 80. 1907; Diels, ibid. 7: 196. 1912; H. Smith in Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 987, 1936; Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 257. 1966; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 408. 图4770. 1974; L. A. Lauen. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 37(1): 141. 1978-1979; Hara, Chater et Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 97. 1982. ——Ophelia macrosperma C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 448. 1875. ——Swertia randaiensis Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 25(19): 203(Mat. Fl. Formos.). 1911, Ic. Pl. Formos. 172. 122. Pl. 28. 1912 et 6: Suppl. 49. 1917; Mori in Masam. Short. Fl. Formos. 172. 1936: Satake in Journ. Jap. Bot, 21: 27. 1947; Liu et Kuo in台湾植物志4: 189. pl. 960. 1978. syn. nov. ——S. scandens Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 12: 188. 1913 et Fl. Kouy-tcheou 174. 1914-1915.
  一年生草本,高30-100厘米。根黄褐色,粗壮。茎直立,四棱形,常带紫色,从中部以上分枝,下部直径1.5-5毫米。基生叶及茎下部叶在花期常枯萎,具长柄,叶片匙形,连柄长2-6.5厘米,宽达1.5厘米,先端钝,全缘或边缘有不整齐的小齿,基部渐狭;茎中部叶无柄,叶片矩圆形或披针形,稀倒卵形,长0.4-4.5厘米,宽0.3-1.5厘米,愈向茎上部叶愈小,先端急尖,基部钝,具3-5脉。圆锥状复聚伞花序多花,开展;花梗细弱,长4-15毫米;花5数,稀4数,小,直径4-8毫米;花萼绿色,长为花冠的1/2,裂片卵状椭圆形,长2.5-4毫米,先端钝,背面具1脉;花冠白色或淡蓝色,裂片椭圆形,长4-8毫米,先端钝,基部具2个腺窝,腺窝囊状,矩圆形,边缘仅具数根柔毛状流苏;花丝线形,长4-5毫米,花药椭圆形,长约1.5毫米;子房无柄,卵状披针形,花柱短而明显,柱头头状。蒴果卵形,长5-6毫米;种子3-4个,较大,矩圆形,长1.5-2毫米,褐色,表面光滑。花果期7-11月。
  产西藏、云南、四川、贵州、湖北、台湾、广西。生于河边、山坡草地、杂木林或竹林下、灌丛中,海拔1400-3950米。尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、印度(模式标本产地)和缅甸也有分布。
  依据台湾标本命名的 S. randaiensis Hayata不仅植株外形与本种无区别,而且蒴果具3粒较大的种子也完全符合本种独一无二的特征,应作为异名处理。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Swertia macrosperma  (C. B. Clarke) C. B. Clarke
大籽獐牙菜   da zi zhang ya cai
Ophelia macrosperma C. B. Clarke, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 448. 1875; Swertia randaiensis Hayata; S. scandens H. Léveillé.
Annuals 30-100 cm tall. Roots yellow, ca. 5 mm in diam. Stems erect, subquadrangular, narrowly winged on angles, branched from middle. Basal and lower stem leaves withered at anthesis, petiolate; leaf blade spatulate, 2-6.5 × to 1.5 cm, base narrowed, margin entire or denticulate, apex obtuse, veins 1-3. Middle stem leaves sessile, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, or rarely obovate, 0.4-4.5 × 0.3-1.5(-2) cm, base obtuse, apex acute, veins 3-5. Inflorescences panicles of cymes, many flowered, spreading branched. Flowers 5 or rarely 4merous. Pedicel erect, 4-15 mm, slender. Calyx tube ca. 0.5 mm; lobes ovate-elliptic, 2.5-4 mm, apex acute, midvein distinct. Corolla white or pale blue, 3-5 mm in diam., tube ca. 0.5 mm; lobes elliptic, 4-8 mm, apex obtuse. Nectaries 2 per corolla lobe, cupular, with a narrow scale and few long fimbriae. Filaments 4-5 mm; anthers ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm. Style indistinct; stigma lobes capitate. Capsules ovoid, 5-6 mm. Seeds 3-4 per capsule, brown, ellipsoid to subglobose, 1.5-2 mm; seed coat smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul-Nov.
Beside streams, grasslands on hillsides, scrub, mixed forests, bamboo thickets; 1400-4000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].

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