大叶胡颓子Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.
大叶胡颓子Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.
12.大叶胡颓子(中国种子植物名称)圆叶胡颓子
Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb., Fl. Jap. 67. 1784; Schlechtend. in DC., Prodr. 14: 614. 1857; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. ser. 3, 15: 373. 1780; Serv. in Sot. Centralbl. Beih. 25: 67. 1909; Nakai in Bob. Mag. Tokyo 30: 76. 1916; Kanehira, Formos. Trees. Rev. ed. 486. f. 447. 1936; Li in Llyodia 15 (3) : 159. 1952; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 624. 1963.——E. kotoenshs Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 90. 1920.
常绿直立灌木,高2-3米,无刺;小枝成45度的角开展,幼枝扁棱形,灰褐色,密被淡黄白色鳞片,老枝鳞片脱落,黑色。叶厚纸质或薄革质,卵形至宽卵形或阔椭圆形至近圆形,长4-9厘米,宽4-6厘米,顶端钝形或钝尖,基部圆形至近心脏形,全缘,上面幼时被银白色鳞片,成熟后脱落,绿色,干燥后黑褐色,下面银白色,密被鳞片,侧脉6-8对,与中脉开展成60-80度的角,近边缘3/5处分叉而互相连接,两面略明显凸起;叶柄扁圆形,银白色,上面有宽沟,长15-25毫米。花白色,被鳞片,略开展,常1-8花生于叶腋短小枝上,花枝褐色,长2-3毫米;花梗银白色或淡黄色,长3-4毫米;萼筒钟形,长4-5毫米,在裂片下面开展,在子房上骤收缩,裂片宽卵形,与萼筒等长,比萼筒宽,顶端钝尖,内面疏生白色星状柔毛,包围子房的萼管椭圆形,黄色,长3毫米;雄蕊的花丝极短,花药椭圆形,花柱被白色星状柔毛,顶端略弯曲,超过雄蕊。果实长椭圆形,被银白色鳞片,长14-18毫米,直径5-6毫米;果核具8肋,内面具丝状棉毛;果梗长6-7毫米。花期9-10月,果期次年3-4月。
产山东、江苏、浙江的沿海岛屿和台湾。日本、朝鲜也有分布。各地庭园常有栽培,供观赏。
本种叶片大,卵形或近圆形,各部具银白色鳞片,叶柄长达15-25毫米;萼筒较短,与裂片几等长,易于与他种区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunberg
大叶胡颓子 da ye hu tui zi
Shrubs, evergreen, slightly scandent. Young branches with white and pale brown scales. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade orbicular-ovate to broadly elliptic-ovate, sometimes orbicular, 5-7 × 4-6 cm, leathery, abaxially densely white scaly, adaxially with scattered white scales when young, apex acute to abruptly bluntly acuminate or rounded at both ends. Flowers few in axils. Pedicel 5-8(-10) mm, densely white scaly, sometimes also with reddish brown scales. Calyx tube campanulate, 4-5 mm, abruptly narrowed at base; lobes broadly ovate, slightly shorter than tube. Drupe oblong, 1.5-2 cm, white scaly. Fl. Sep-Oct(-Nov), fr. Mar-Apr.
Thickets near seashores. Jiangsu, Shandong, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), S Korea].
Elaeagnus macrophylla is valued horticulturally as a wind-resistant, evergreen hedge plant and for its sweetly scented flowers and very early ripening fruit. The seeds are said to taste like peanuts when divested of the fibrous endocarp. Elaeagnus ×ebbingei Doorenbos is an artificial hybrid between E. macrophylla and E. pungens that is widely distributed in European and North American gardens.
别名:冬枣;伞花胡颓子;圆叶胡颓子;
科名:胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae
属名:胡颓子属 Elaeagnus
12.大叶胡颓子(中国种子植物名称)圆叶胡颓子
Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb., Fl. Jap. 67. 1784; Schlechtend. in DC., Prodr. 14: 614. 1857; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. ser. 3, 15: 373. 1780; Serv. in Sot. Centralbl. Beih. 25: 67. 1909; Nakai in Bob. Mag. Tokyo 30: 76. 1916; Kanehira, Formos. Trees. Rev. ed. 486. f. 447. 1936; Li in Llyodia 15 (3) : 159. 1952; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 624. 1963.——E. kotoenshs Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 90. 1920.
常绿直立灌木,高2-3米,无刺;小枝成45度的角开展,幼枝扁棱形,灰褐色,密被淡黄白色鳞片,老枝鳞片脱落,黑色。叶厚纸质或薄革质,卵形至宽卵形或阔椭圆形至近圆形,长4-9厘米,宽4-6厘米,顶端钝形或钝尖,基部圆形至近心脏形,全缘,上面幼时被银白色鳞片,成熟后脱落,绿色,干燥后黑褐色,下面银白色,密被鳞片,侧脉6-8对,与中脉开展成60-80度的角,近边缘3/5处分叉而互相连接,两面略明显凸起;叶柄扁圆形,银白色,上面有宽沟,长15-25毫米。花白色,被鳞片,略开展,常1-8花生于叶腋短小枝上,花枝褐色,长2-3毫米;花梗银白色或淡黄色,长3-4毫米;萼筒钟形,长4-5毫米,在裂片下面开展,在子房上骤收缩,裂片宽卵形,与萼筒等长,比萼筒宽,顶端钝尖,内面疏生白色星状柔毛,包围子房的萼管椭圆形,黄色,长3毫米;雄蕊的花丝极短,花药椭圆形,花柱被白色星状柔毛,顶端略弯曲,超过雄蕊。果实长椭圆形,被银白色鳞片,长14-18毫米,直径5-6毫米;果核具8肋,内面具丝状棉毛;果梗长6-7毫米。花期9-10月,果期次年3-4月。
产山东、江苏、浙江的沿海岛屿和台湾。日本、朝鲜也有分布。各地庭园常有栽培,供观赏。
本种叶片大,卵形或近圆形,各部具银白色鳞片,叶柄长达15-25毫米;萼筒较短,与裂片几等长,易于与他种区别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunberg
大叶胡颓子 da ye hu tui zi
Shrubs, evergreen, slightly scandent. Young branches with white and pale brown scales. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade orbicular-ovate to broadly elliptic-ovate, sometimes orbicular, 5-7 × 4-6 cm, leathery, abaxially densely white scaly, adaxially with scattered white scales when young, apex acute to abruptly bluntly acuminate or rounded at both ends. Flowers few in axils. Pedicel 5-8(-10) mm, densely white scaly, sometimes also with reddish brown scales. Calyx tube campanulate, 4-5 mm, abruptly narrowed at base; lobes broadly ovate, slightly shorter than tube. Drupe oblong, 1.5-2 cm, white scaly. Fl. Sep-Oct(-Nov), fr. Mar-Apr.
Thickets near seashores. Jiangsu, Shandong, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), S Korea].
Elaeagnus macrophylla is valued horticulturally as a wind-resistant, evergreen hedge plant and for its sweetly scented flowers and very early ripening fruit. The seeds are said to taste like peanuts when divested of the fibrous endocarp. Elaeagnus ×ebbingei Doorenbos is an artificial hybrid between E. macrophylla and E. pungens that is widely distributed in European and North American gardens.