乌拉草Carex meyeriana Kunth
乌拉草Carex meyeriana Kunth
36. 乌拉草(中国高等植物图鉴)图版18: 5-8
Carex meyeriana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 438, 1837: Kom., Fl. Mansh. 1: 372, 1901; Kukenth. in Engl., Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (IV. 20): 393, 1909; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 314, 1911; V. Krecz. in Kom., Fl. URSS 3: 262, 1935; Ohwi, Cyper. Japon. 1: 323, 1936; Akiyama, Caric. Far East. Reg. Asia 110, pl. 90, 1955; T. Koyama in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. III 8 (4): 200 1962; 中国高等植物图鉴 5: 297, 图7423, 1976; 东北草本植物志11: 150, 图版67, 图1-5, 1976; 内蒙古植物志8: 124, 图版51, 图1-5, 1985. ——C. funicularis Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 8. ser. 7: 37, 1895; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris III, 9: 153, t. 3, fig. 1, 1897.——C. crassinervia Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 8. ser. 7: 38, 1895.
根状茎短,形成踏头。秆紧密丛生,高20-50厘米,宽1-1.5毫米,纤细,三形,坚硬,基部叶鞘无叶片,棕褐色,有光泽,微细裂或为纤维状。叶短于或近等长于秆,刚毛状,向内对折,质硬,边缘粗糙。苞片最下部的刚毛状,无鞘,上部的鳞片状。小穗2-3个,接近,顶生1个雄性,圆柱形,长1.5-2厘米;侧生小穗雌性,球形或卵形,长0.5-1.2厘米,宽约5毫米,花密生;雄花鳞片黑褐色或淡褐色,顶端钝;雌花鳞片卵状椭圆形,顶端钝,长约2.8-3.5毫米,深紫黑色或红褐色,背面中部色淡,具不明显的3条脉,边缘为狭的白色膜质。果囊等长或稍长于鳞片,卵形或椭圆形,扁三棱形,长2.5-3毫米,淡灰绿色,密被乳头状突起,具5-6条脉,基部稍呈圆形,具短柄,顶端急缩成柱状短喙,喙口全缘。小坚果紧包于果囊中,倒卵状椭圆形,扁三棱形,褐色,长1.5-2毫米,具短柄,顶端圆形;花柱基部不膨大,柱头3个。花果期6-7月。
产黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、四川;生于沼泽,海拔3460米。分布俄罗斯(远东地区、西伯利亚)、蒙古、朝鲜、日本。
形态特征:多年生草本。根状茎紧密,丛生。秆高30~50厘米,纤细,基部具棕黑色呈网状分裂的旧叶鞘和枯死的秆。叶细线形,宽不过1毫米,革质,短于秆。苞片鳞片状,无苞鞘,小穗2~3,接近,雄穗顶生,圆柱形,长1.5~2毫米,雌穗侧生, 卵形或卵球形,长5~10毫米,近无梗;雌花鳞片椭圆披针形,棕色,顶端钝,果囊椭圆形,扁三棱状,长约3毫米,淡灰绿色,密被乳头状突起,具5~6条细脉,基部稍呈圆形,收缩为短柄,顶端急收缩为柱状短喙,喙口全缘。小坚果宽倒卵形,长约2毫米,扁 三棱形,花柱长,基部不增大,柱头3,少数2。
生长环境:生长在沼泽中。
花期果期:
用 途:茎叶纤维细,强韧,不易折断。约于8月下旬将全株拔出晒干,经锤打后,放入鞋中,可供防寒用,又可代替油包草搓绳、打草鞋,做美术编织物或用于造纸。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Carex meyeriana Kunth Enum. Pl. 2: 438. 1837.
乌拉草 wu la cao
Rhizome short, densely caespitose. Culms tufted, 20-50 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm wide, slender, obscurely trigonous, rigid, smooth, clothed at base with chestnut-brown lustrous bladeless sheaths disintegrating into fibers. Leaves shorter than or subequaling culm, blades setaceous, flexuose, rather stiff, folded, margins scabrous. Involucral bracts sheathless, lowest one setaceous, upper ones glumelike. Spikes 2 or 3, approximate; terminal spike male, cylindric, 1.5-2 cm; lateral spikes female, globose or ovate, 5-12 × ca. 0.5 mm, densely flowered. Female glumes dark purple or red-brown, ovate-oblong, 2.8-3.5 mm, faintly 3-veined, margins narrowly white hyaline, apex obtuse. Utricles bluish green to gray, equaling or nearly longer than glume, ovate or elliptic, compressed trigonous, 2.5-3 mm, finely 5- or 6-veined, densely papillose, base shortly stipitate, apex abruptly contracted into a cylindric entire beak. Nutlets brown, tightly enveloped, obovate-elliptic, compressed trigonous, 1.5-2 mm, base shortly stipitate, apex rounded; style base not thickened; stigmas 3. Fl. and fr. Jun-Jul.
Marshes. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].
别名:乌拉草(艹/冈)草;乌拉-额布苏;靰鞡草;乌拉苔草;乌拉薹草;油包草;
科名:莎草科 Cyperaceae
属名:薹草属 Carex
36. 乌拉草(中国高等植物图鉴)图版18: 5-8
Carex meyeriana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 438, 1837: Kom., Fl. Mansh. 1: 372, 1901; Kukenth. in Engl., Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (IV. 20): 393, 1909; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 314, 1911; V. Krecz. in Kom., Fl. URSS 3: 262, 1935; Ohwi, Cyper. Japon. 1: 323, 1936; Akiyama, Caric. Far East. Reg. Asia 110, pl. 90, 1955; T. Koyama in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo Sect. III 8 (4): 200 1962; 中国高等植物图鉴 5: 297, 图7423, 1976; 东北草本植物志11: 150, 图版67, 图1-5, 1976; 内蒙古植物志8: 124, 图版51, 图1-5, 1985. ——C. funicularis Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 8. ser. 7: 37, 1895; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris III, 9: 153, t. 3, fig. 1, 1897.——C. crassinervia Franch. in Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 8. ser. 7: 38, 1895.
根状茎短,形成踏头。秆紧密丛生,高20-50厘米,宽1-1.5毫米,纤细,三形,坚硬,基部叶鞘无叶片,棕褐色,有光泽,微细裂或为纤维状。叶短于或近等长于秆,刚毛状,向内对折,质硬,边缘粗糙。苞片最下部的刚毛状,无鞘,上部的鳞片状。小穗2-3个,接近,顶生1个雄性,圆柱形,长1.5-2厘米;侧生小穗雌性,球形或卵形,长0.5-1.2厘米,宽约5毫米,花密生;雄花鳞片黑褐色或淡褐色,顶端钝;雌花鳞片卵状椭圆形,顶端钝,长约2.8-3.5毫米,深紫黑色或红褐色,背面中部色淡,具不明显的3条脉,边缘为狭的白色膜质。果囊等长或稍长于鳞片,卵形或椭圆形,扁三棱形,长2.5-3毫米,淡灰绿色,密被乳头状突起,具5-6条脉,基部稍呈圆形,具短柄,顶端急缩成柱状短喙,喙口全缘。小坚果紧包于果囊中,倒卵状椭圆形,扁三棱形,褐色,长1.5-2毫米,具短柄,顶端圆形;花柱基部不膨大,柱头3个。花果期6-7月。
产黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古、四川;生于沼泽,海拔3460米。分布俄罗斯(远东地区、西伯利亚)、蒙古、朝鲜、日本。
形态特征:多年生草本。根状茎紧密,丛生。秆高30~50厘米,纤细,基部具棕黑色呈网状分裂的旧叶鞘和枯死的秆。叶细线形,宽不过1毫米,革质,短于秆。苞片鳞片状,无苞鞘,小穗2~3,接近,雄穗顶生,圆柱形,长1.5~2毫米,雌穗侧生, 卵形或卵球形,长5~10毫米,近无梗;雌花鳞片椭圆披针形,棕色,顶端钝,果囊椭圆形,扁三棱状,长约3毫米,淡灰绿色,密被乳头状突起,具5~6条细脉,基部稍呈圆形,收缩为短柄,顶端急收缩为柱状短喙,喙口全缘。小坚果宽倒卵形,长约2毫米,扁 三棱形,花柱长,基部不增大,柱头3,少数2。
生长环境:生长在沼泽中。
花期果期:
用 途:茎叶纤维细,强韧,不易折断。约于8月下旬将全株拔出晒干,经锤打后,放入鞋中,可供防寒用,又可代替油包草搓绳、打草鞋,做美术编织物或用于造纸。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Carex meyeriana Kunth Enum. Pl. 2: 438. 1837.
乌拉草 wu la cao
Rhizome short, densely caespitose. Culms tufted, 20-50 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm wide, slender, obscurely trigonous, rigid, smooth, clothed at base with chestnut-brown lustrous bladeless sheaths disintegrating into fibers. Leaves shorter than or subequaling culm, blades setaceous, flexuose, rather stiff, folded, margins scabrous. Involucral bracts sheathless, lowest one setaceous, upper ones glumelike. Spikes 2 or 3, approximate; terminal spike male, cylindric, 1.5-2 cm; lateral spikes female, globose or ovate, 5-12 × ca. 0.5 mm, densely flowered. Female glumes dark purple or red-brown, ovate-oblong, 2.8-3.5 mm, faintly 3-veined, margins narrowly white hyaline, apex obtuse. Utricles bluish green to gray, equaling or nearly longer than glume, ovate or elliptic, compressed trigonous, 2.5-3 mm, finely 5- or 6-veined, densely papillose, base shortly stipitate, apex abruptly contracted into a cylindric entire beak. Nutlets brown, tightly enveloped, obovate-elliptic, compressed trigonous, 1.5-2 mm, base shortly stipitate, apex rounded; style base not thickened; stigmas 3. Fl. and fr. Jun-Jul.
Marshes. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)].
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