黄瓜Cucumis sativus Linn.

别名：garden cucumber;刺瓜;瓜子;勒瓜;青瓜;乌日格斯图-和木和;线黄瓜;黄瓜子;瓜菜;黄瓜藤;莉果;王瓜子;胡瓜子;王瓜;胡瓜;

科名：葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae

属名：黄瓜属 Cucumis

《中国植物志》第73(1)卷205页
  3. 黄瓜（本草拾遗）胡瓜（嘉祐本草）
  Cucumis sativus Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 1012. 1753, et ed. 2: 1437. 1763; Lour., Fl. Cochinch., 591. 1790; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 620. 1879; Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 498. 1881; Cogn. u. Harms in Engl., Pflanzenr. 88 (IV. 275. 2): 143. 1924; Chakr. in Ind. Journ. Agric. Sc. 16（1): 53. 1946, et in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17（1): 145. 1959; Keraudren in Aubreville et Leroy, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 71. 1975; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 362, 图6138. 1975.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Cucumis sativus  Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1012. 1753.
黄瓜   huang gua
Plants scandent or creeping. Stem and branches angular, white hispid. Tendrils slender, simple. Petiole 10-16(-20) cm; leaf blade broadly ovate-cordate, 7-20 × 7-20 cm, membranous, margin 3-5-angular or -lobed; lobes triangular, dentate, apex acute or acuminate; sinus half-orbicular. Plants monoecious. Male flowers fasciculate; pedicel filiform, 5-15 mm, puberulent; calyx tube narrowly campanulate, 8-10 mm, densely white pubescent; segments subulate; corolla yellow-white, ca. 2 cm; segments oblong-lanceolate, acute; anthers 3-4 mm; connective ca. 1 mm. Female flowers solitary or fascicled; pedicels pubescent, 1-2 cm; ovary fusiform, muricate. Fruit yellow-green, oblong or cylindric, (5-)10-30(-50) cm, muricate, usually verrucose. Seeds white, small, narrowly ovate, 5-10 mm, emarginate, both ends acute. Fl. and fr. summer.
Forests, thickets, mountain slopes; 700-2000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan; also commonly cultivated in China [NE India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand; cultivated in all tropical and temperate countries].

《全国中草药汇编》:黄瓜

【拼音名】 Huánɡ Guā
【别名】 胡瓜、勤瓜、王瓜、刺瓜、[黄瓜藤、黄瓜秧、黄瓜霜]
【来源】 葫芦科黄瓜Cucumis sativus L.，以果、藤、叶入药。
【生境分布】 全国各地。
【化学成份】 种子含多种氨基酸：β－吡唑丙氨酸（B-Pyrazolyalalanine.C₆H₉O₂N₃）、缬氨酸等。
【性味】 黄瓜：甘，寒。
黄瓜藤：苦，平。
【功能主治】 黄瓜：清热利尿。主治烦渴，小便不利；外用治烫火伤。
黄瓜藤：消炎，祛痰，镇痉。治腹泻，痢疾，癫痫。
黄瓜秧：治高血压。用量5～6钱。
黄瓜霜：清热消肿，治扁桃体炎。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》