一枝黄花Solidago decurrens Lour.

别名：百根草;一朵云;汗马兰;一支黄花;一枝黄花金柴胡;一只黄花;蛇王;野黄菊;钓鱼杆柴胡;满山黄;土柴胡;百条根;金汤匙;疔疮药;金盖顶;黄花仔;红箭杆菜;黄花老虎尿;山金汤匙;铁柴胡;竹叶柴胡;大叶七星剑;一支箭;山厚合;蛇头黄;千根癀;蛇头王;土细辛;金花草;一支轮;一支枪;金锁匙;红柴胡;金柴胡;粘糊菜;金锁钥;老虎尿;六叶七星剑;一枝香;破布叶;朝天一柱香;黄花草;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：一枝黄花属 Solidago

《中国植物志》第74卷075页
  3. 一枝黄花（植物名实图考）
  Solidago decurrens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 501, 1790; DC., Prodr. 5: 342, 1836; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13: 395, 1937; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 1150, 1956; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册, 74b, 1959; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 160, 1966. ——Solidago cantonensis Lour., 501, 1790.——Solidago pubescens Wall., Num. List. no. 3226. ——Solidago virgaurea var. pubescens (Wall.) C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 35, 1878; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 457, 1934; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 162, 1966. ——Amphirhapis leiocarpa Benth. in Hook., Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 480, 1842. ——Amphirhapis chinensis Sch. Bip. in Flora 35: 58, 1852. ——Solidago virgaurea L. var. leiocarpa (Benth.) A. Gray in Mem. Amer. Acad. n. s. 6 (1): 395, 1857; Fr. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 229, 1875; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Soc. Bot. 23: 406, 1888; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1087, 1936 et in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 204, 1938; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peip. 2: 457, 1934. ——Solidago virgaurea var. glabriuscula C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 35, 1876. ——Solidago virgaurea ssp. leiocarpa Hulten, Fl. Aleut. 315, 1937.——Solidago virgaurea var. paludosa Honda in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 40: 95, 1937. ——Solidago japonica var. paludosa Honda l. c——Solidago decurrens f. padudosa (Honda) Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 13: 396, 1937.——Solidago virgaurea auct., non L.: Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 18 (8): 10, 1904 et Ic. Pl. Formos. 8: 45, 1919; Merr. in Sunyats. 1: 47, 1930; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志, 553, 1956.
  多年生草本，高(9)35-100厘米。茎直立，通常细弱，单生或少数簇生，不分枝或中部以上有分枝。中部茎叶椭圆形，长椭圆形、卵形或宽披针形，长2-5厘米，宽1-1.5(2)厘米，下部楔形渐窄，有具翅的柄，仅中部以上边缘有细齿或全缘；向上叶渐小；下部叶与中部茎叶同形，有长2-4厘米或更长的翅柄。全部叶质地较厚，叶两面、沿脉及叶缘有短柔毛或下面无毛。头状花序较小，长6-8毫米，宽6-9毫米，多数在茎上部排列成紧密或疏松的长6-25厘米的总状花序或伞房圆锥花序，少有排列成复头状花序的。总苞片4-6层，披针形或披狭针形，顶端急尖或渐尖，中内层长5-6毫米。舌状花舌片椭圆形，长6毫米。瘦果长3毫米，无毛，极少有在顶端被稀疏柔毛的。花果期4-11月。
  这是一个产于我国南方的种。江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、四川、贵州、湖南、湖北、广东、广西、云南及陕西南部、台湾等地广为分布。生阔叶林缘、林下、灌丛中及山坡草地上。海拔565-2850米。也是一个多型性的种，叶形与花序式有极大变化。本种地方名很多，主要别称有蛇头王、见血飞。全草入药，性味辛、苦，微温。疏风解毒、退热行血、消肿止痛。主治毒蛇咬伤、痈、疖等。全草含皂苷，家畜误食中毒引起麻痹及运动障碍。
  此种别名极多，江浙通名金锁钥，满山黄；福建名百根草、百条根，千根癀。江西、湖南又有一支枪、一支箭、一枝香、朝天一柱香等称。在广东、广西通称黄花草、六叶七星剑、蛇头黄等。桂黔又有叫竹叶柴胡、金柴胡、钓鱼杆柴胡的，也有叫土细辛的。
形态特征：多年生草本，高40-90厘米。根状茎粗短，有多数侧根。茎直立，单一，有时基部稍有分枝。叶互生，卵形、狭卵形或长椭圆形，长1-5厘米，宽5-25毫米，先端急尖，基部楔形，边缘有疏浅锐齿或全缘，有短缘毛；无叶柄。头状花序排列呈总状或圆锥状；总苞钟状，苞片4-6列，披针形，边缘膜质；花黄色；外围一层舌状花，雌性，结实；中央为管状花，两性；雄蕊5枚，聚药，花药基部稍钝；子房下位；柱头2裂。瘦果圆筒形，无毛，有时顶端略具疏毛。花期8-10月，果期11-12月。
分    布：各地均有分布。
生    境：山坡、路旁或草丛中
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：全草
药用功能：祛风清热、解毒消肿
药用主治：疏风清热，解毒消肿。用于上呼吸道感染、扁桃腺炎、咽喉肿痛、支气管炎、肺炎、肺结核、咯摁、急性和慢性肾炎、白喉、小儿疳积、脐风、口腔糜烂等。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
1. Solidago decurrens Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 501. 1790.
一枝黄花 yi zhi huang hua Amphirhapis chinensis Schultz Bipontinus; A. leiocarpa Bentham; Solidago cantoniensis Loureiro; S. virgaurea Linnaeus subsp. leiocarpa (Bentham) Hultén; S. virgaurea var. leiocarpa (Bentham) A. Gray; S. virgaurea var. paludosa Honda.
Herbs, perennial, woody caudex shortly branched. Stems (5-)35-100 cm tall, erect, usually slender, solitary or rarely fascicled, simple or branched in upper part. Leaves: lower cauline 1-25 (including petiole) × 0.4-3(-4) cm, petiole 2-4 cm or more, with long wings, blade lanceolate to ovate, both surfaces puberulent or adaxially glabrous, upper margin serrate or entire; mid cauline petiole winged, blade elliptic, long elliptic, ovate, or broadly lanceolate, 2-14 × 0.4-2(-2.9) cm, base cuneate-attenuate, upper margin serrate, serrulate, or entire; upper cauline length from widest point to apex 6.5-31.5 mm, mean 14.3 mm. Capitula numerous in terminal, dense or lax racemiform or corymbose-paniculiform synflorescences, branches erect, inserted around stem, capitula attached around branch, rarely lower branches elongated terminating in separate synflorescences. Involucre 3.5-6.2(-7.7) mm; phyllaries 4-6-seriate, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate. Ray florets 2-9, lamina 2-5(-6.5) × 0.9-2.8 mm. Achenes 2-3 mm, glabrous to sparsely strigose Pappus bristles 3.1-5.2 mm, inner (longest) weakly to moderately clavate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Nov.Forests, forest margins, thickets and grasslands on slopes; below 100-2900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Laos, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam].
This species is used medicinally for promoting hemostasis and for treating a variety of conditions, including snakebites, carbuncles, and furuncles. The leaves and capitula of Solidago decurrens are usually much smaller than those of S. dahurica.