橐吾Ligularia sibirica (Linn.) Cass.

别名：西伯利亚槖吾;西伯利亚狗舌草;水泽兰;水荷叶;冷水丹;紫菀;西北利亚槖吾;水紫菀;大舌花;马蹄叶;北橐吾;北囊吾;大马蹄;葫芦七;西伯利亚囊吾;西伯日－扎牙海;山紫菀;山紫苑;西伯利亚橐吾;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：橐吾属 Ligularia

《中国植物志》第77(2)卷055页
  46. 橐吾　西伯利亚橐吾（中国高等植物图鉴）、北橐吾（东北植物检索表）　图版13: 1-4
  Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. in Dict. Sci. Nat. 26: 401,. 1823; DC. Prodr. 6: 315. 1838: Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 621. 1900; Kom. Fl. Manch. 3: 692. 1907: Kitam. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 169. 1934; 林镕, 北研丛刊 2: 534. 1934, p. p., 孔宪武、王作宾, l. c. 2: 412. 1934; 陈封怀, 静生汇报 5: 73. 1934; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1136. 1936, p. p. et in Bot. Jahrb. 69: 136. 1938, p. p.; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 459, 1939; Kitam. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 16: 190. 1942, p. p.; 东北植物检索表 404. 图版140. 图1. 1959; Pojark. in Fl. URSS 26: 807. 1961: Dress in Baileya 10: 74. 1962; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 20: 70. 1967; H. Koyama in Mem. Fac. Sei. Kyoto Univ. Ser. Biol. 2: 47. 1968: Nasir et Ali, Fl. West. Pakist. 765. 1972; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 587.图6587. 1975; Lauener in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 370. 1976. ——Othonna sibirica L. Sp. Pl. 2: 924. 1753, excl. syn. nom. ——Cineraria sibirica L. l. c. ed. 2: 1242. 1763: Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 4: 102. 1833, p. p. ——Senecio cacaliaefolius Sch. -Bip. in Flora 28: 50. 1845; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 16:220, 1871 et in. Mel. Biol. 8: 14. 1871, p. p.: Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 296. 1892, p. p.
形态特征：var．Sibirica(原变种)多年生草本。根肉质，细而多。茎直立，高52—110厘米，最上部及花序被白色蛛丝状毛和黄褐色有节短柔毛，下部光滑，基部直径2．5—11毫米，被枯叶柄纤维包围。丛生叶和茎下部叶具柄，柄长14—39厘米，光滑，基部鞘状，叶片卵状心形、三角状心形、肾状心形或宽心形，长3．5—20厘米，宽4．5—29厘米，先端圆形或钝，边缘具整齐的细齿，基部心形，弯缺长为叶片的1／3至1／4，两侧裂片长圆形或近圆形，有时具大齿，两面光滑，叶脉掌状；茎中部叶与下部者同形，具短柄，柄长3—14厘米，鞘膨大，长3—6厘米；最上部叶仅有叶鞘，鞘缘有时具齿。总状花序长4．5—42厘米，常密集；苞片卵形或卵状披针形，下部者长达3厘米，宽0．8—2厘米，向上渐小，全缘或有齿；花序梗长4—12毫米，稀下部者长达8厘米；头状花序多数，辐射状；小苞片狭披针形，全缘，光滑，近膜质；总苞宽钟形、钟形或钟状陀螺形，基部圆形，长7一14毫米，宽6—11毫米，总苞片7一10，2层，披针形或长圆形，宽2—5．5毫米，先端急尖、钝三角形或渐尖，背部光滑，边缘膜质、有时紫红色。舌状花6—10，黄色，舌片倒披针形或长圆形，长10—22毫米，宽3—5毫米，先端钝，管部长5—10毫米；管状花多数，长8—13毫米，管部长4—7毫米，冠毛白色与花冠等长。瘦果长圆形，长达10毫米，光滑。花果期7一10月。
产地分布：产云南、四川、贵州、甘肃西部、陕西北部、山西、内蒙古、河北；东北地区、湖南、安徽。生于海拔373—2200米的沼地、湿草地、河边、山坡及林缘。在苏联(东西伯利亚，模式标本产地)、欧洲大部分地区也有分布。
参考文献：Ligularla sibirica(L．)Cass．In Dict．Sci．Nat．26：401．1823；DC．Prodr． 6： 315．1838；Diels in Bot．Jahrb．29：621． 1900；Kom．F1．Manch．3：692． 1907： 7Kitam．In Acta Phytotax．Geobot．3：169．1934；林镕，北研丛干U2：534．1934，P．P．； 孔宪武、王作宾，1．C．2：412．1934；陈封怀，静生汇报5：73． 1934； Hand．—Mazz． Symb．Sin．7：1136．1936，p．P．Et in Bot．Jahrb，69：136．1938，p．P．； Kitag． Lineam．F1．Mansh．459．1939；Kitam．Mem．Coll． Sci． Kyoto Univ．Ser．B． 16： 190．1942，p．P．；东北植物检索表404．图版140．图1． 1959； Pojark．In Fl. URSS 26：807．1961；Dress in Baileya 10：74．1962：S．Y．Hu in Quart．Journ．Taiwan Mus．20：70。1967；H．Koyama in Mem。Fac．Sci．Kyoto Univ． Ser．Bi01．2：47． 1968；Nasir et Ali，F1．West．Pakist．765．1972；中国高等植物图鉴4：587．图6587． 1975；Lauener in Not．Bot．Gard．Edinb．34：370．1976．——Othonna sibirica L． Sp．Pl．2：924． 1753，excl．Syn．Nom．——Cineraria sibirica L． 1．C．Ed．2： 1242． 1763；Ledeb．F1．Alt．4：102．1833，p．P．——Senecio cacaliaefolius Sch．－Bip． In Flora 28：50．1845；Maxim．In Bull．Acad。Sci．St．P6tersb．16：220，1871 et in M6t. Biol．8：14．1871，p．P．；Franch．In Bull．Soc．Bot．France 39：296．1892，p．P．

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Ligularia sibirica  (Linnaeus) Cassini in F. Cuvier Dict. Sci. Nat. 26: 402. 1823.
橐吾   tuo wu
Othonna sibirica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 924. 1753; Cineraria sibirica (Linnaeus) Linnaeus; Hoppea sibirica (Linnaeus) Reichenbach; Ligularia arctica Pojarkova; L. bucovinensis Nakai; L. longipes Pojarkova (1961), not C. C. Chang (1951); L. pojarkovana S. W. Liu & T. N. Ho; L. sibirica var. alpestris Turczaninow; L. sibirica subsp. arctica (Pojarkova) V. G. Sergienko; L. sibirica var. gigantea Sergievskaya; L. sibirica var. glaberrima Candolle; L. sibirica var. gracilis Sergievskaya; L. sibirica var. vulgaris Candolle; L. ucrainica Minderova; Senecillis sibirica (Linnaeus) Simonkai; Senecio cacaliifolius Schultz Bipontinus.
Stem erect, 20-200 cm tall, 2-11 mm in diam. at base, proximally glabrous, distally and synflorescence shortly yellowish brown pilose. Basal leaves petiolate; petiole 14-39 cm, glabrous, base sheathed; leaf blade ovate-cordate, triangular-cordate, reniform-cordate, or broadly cordate, 3.5-32 × 4.5-29 cm, glabrous, palmately veined, base cordate, margin regularly dentate, apex rounded or obtuse; sinus 1/4-1/3 as long as leaf blade, basal lobes oblong or suborbicular. Middle stem leaves similar, but shortly petiolate; petiole 3-14 cm; sheath enlarged, 3-6 cm. Distalmost stem leaves with only dentate sheaths. Synflorescence racemose, 4.5-42 cm, often clustered; leaflike bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, proximally to 3 × 0.8-2 cm, smaller distally, margin entire or denticulate, herbaceous; peduncles 4-12 mm, rarely proximally to 8 cm. Capitula numerous; supplementary bracts narrowly lanceolate, glabrous, margin entire, submembranous. Involucre sometimes purplish red, broadly campanulate, campanulate, or campanulate-turbinate, 7-11 × 6-11 mm, outside glabrous, base rounded; phyllaries 7-12, in 2 rows, lanceolate or oblong, 7-11 mm, margin membranous, apex acute, obtuse-triangular, or acuminate. Ray florets 5-8(-11), yellow; lamina oblanceolate or oblong, 1-2.2 cm × 3-5 mm, apex obtuse; tube 5-10 mm. Tubular florets numerous, 8-13 mm; tube 4-7 mm. Achenes brown, cylindric, 4-7 mm. Pappus yellowish, as long as tubular corolla. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 60.
Swamps, wet grasslands, stream banks; below 2200 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia; Europe].