藏掖花Cnicus benedictus Linn.
藏掖花Cnicus benedictus Linn.
1. 藏掖花（新拟）图版3: 14; 38: 2
Cnicus benedictus L., Sp. Pl. 826, 1753; DC., Prodr. 6: 606, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2:713, 1845-1846; Reich., Icon. Fl. Germ. et Helver. tab. 748, 1853; O. Hoffm. in Pflanzenfam. 4(5): 333, 1893; Iljin in Fl. URSS 28: 587, 1963——Centaurea benedicta L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1296. 1763——Carbenia benedicta Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 482, 1873.
一年生草本，高30厘米，通常自基部分枝，无明显的主茎，分枝通常等长。全部分枝被稠密的多细胞长或短节毛。中下部茎叶或大部茎叶羽状浅裂或深裂，全部裂片三角形或长椭圆状三角形或长椭圆形；上部茎叶披针形，不分裂。全部叶两面绿色，质地薄，两面被多细胞长或短节毛及头状无柄的腺点，裂片及叶边缘有针刺及凹缺状锯齿。头状花序少数或多数生茎枝顶端，为披针形苞叶所包绕。总苞卵球形，直径2.5厘米。总苞片约5层，外层卵形，长1厘米，宽5毫米，顶端急尖成长3毫米的细针刺，针刺被多细胞长节毛；中层长椭圆形或椭圆状披针形或披针形，长1.5厘米，宽3-6毫米，边缘膜质，顶端急尖成长针刺，针刺被刺毛，栉齿状；最内层宽线形，长近2厘米，宽2.5毫米，顶端有短针刺，不明显栉齿状。边花白色，无性，花冠细丝状，盘花两性，花冠管状，细管部长1厘米，簷部长1.5厘米，不等2-4裂，瘦果圆柱状，无毛，长6毫米，宽2毫米，褐色，有多数平行的细尖肋，细尖肋约20条，顶端有果缘，果缘边缘有锯齿。冠毛坚硬，2列，刚毛状，外列冠毛刚毛10-14根，深褐色，边缘不明显锯齿状，长1.1-1.2厘米，内列冠毛刚毛约12根，长3.5-4毫米，被蛛丝状毛。花果期6-7月。
分布新疆（天山等地区）。也广布欧洲、地中海地区、苏联中亚地区及印度次大陆。近年来我国各大植物园及药物园都有广泛栽培。全草药用，有健胃作用。模式标本采自西欧。
形态特征：年生草本，高30厘米，通常自基部分枝，无明显的主茎，分枝通常等长。全部分枝被稠密的多细胞长或短节毛。中下部茎叶或大部茎叶羽状浅裂或深裂，全部裂片三角形或长椭圆状三角形或长椭圆形；上部茎叶披针形，不分裂。全部叶两面绿色，质地薄，两面被多细胞长或短节毛及头状无柄的腺点，裂片及叶边缘有针刺及凹缺状锯齿。头状花序少数或多数生茎枝顶端，为披针形苞叶所包绕。总苞卵球形，直径2．5厘米。总苞片约5层，外层卵形，长1厘米，宽5毫米，顶端急尖成长3毫米的细针刺，针刺被多细胞长节毛；中层长椭圆形成椭圆状披针形或披针形，长1，5厘米，宽3—6毫米，边缘膜质，顶端急尖成长针刺，针刺被刺毛，栉齿状；最内层宽线形，长近2厘米，宽2．5毫米，顶端有短针刺，不明显栉齿状。边花白色，无性，花冠细丝状，盘花两性，花冠管状，细管部长1厘米，簷部长1．5厘米，不等2—4裂，瘦果圆柱状，无毛，长6毫米，宽2毫米，褐色，有多数平行的细尖肋，细尖肋约20条，顶端有果缘，果缘边缘有锯齿。冠毛坚硬，2列，刚毛状，外列冠毛刚毛10—14根，深褐色，边缘不明显锯齿状，长1．1—1．2厘米，内列冠毛刚毛约12根。长3．5—4毫米，被蛛丝状毛。花果期6—7月。
用 途：全草药用，有健胃作用。模式标本采自西欧。
产地分布：分布新疆(天山等地区)。也广布欧洲、地中海地区、苏联中亚地区及印度次大陆。近年来我国各大植物园及药物园都有广泛栽培。
参考文献：Cnicus heneclictus L·，SP．P1．826，1753；DC·，Prodr．6：606，1837；Ldb·，F1． Ross．2：713，1845一1846；Reich·，Icon．F1．Germ．Et Helver．Tab．748，1851；O．Hoffm． In Pflanzenfam. 4(5)：333，1893；Iljin in F1．URSS 28：587，1963---Centaurea benedi- cta L·，Sp．Pl．ed．2．1296．1763---Carbenia benedieta Benth．In Benth．Et Hook．F·， Gen．P1．2：482，1873．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Centaurea benedicta (Linnaeus) Linnaeus Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1296. 1763.
藏掖花 cang ye hua
Cnicus benedictus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 826. 1753.
Herbs 5-50 cm tall, annual. Stem erect, usually divaricately branched; stem and branches densely setiferous. Leaves setiferous pubescent with multicellular hairs, pinnatilobed or pinnatifid, prominently reticulate-veined especially on abaxial side, margin spinose to spinosely toothed. Basal leaves petiolate; leaf blade oblong, ca. 30 × 8 cm, runcinate to pinnatifid, often withered at anthesis. Lower and middle stem leaves petiolate; petiole winged; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, decreasing in size upward, pinnatilobed or pinnatipartite, base attenuate; lobes triangular, narrowly elliptic-triangular, or narrowly elliptic. Upper stem leaves sessile, base amplexicaul and shortly decurrent onto stem. Uppermost leaves exceeding capitula. Capitula few to several, rarely 1, solitary at end of stem and branches, concealed by subtending leaves. Involucre ovoid, ca. 2 cm in diam. Phyllaries imbricate, in 4 or 5 rows; outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 10 × 5 mm, leaflike, apex acute and tipped with a 3-6 mm spine; middle phyllaries elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, ca. 15 × 3-6 mm, apex with a rigid pectinately divided spine; inner phyllaries broadly linear, ca. 20 × 2.5 mm. Sterile florets filiform. Corolla pale yellow. Achene cylindric, ca. 8 mm, conspicuously many ribbed, glabrous, apex with a denticulate rim. Outer pappus elements in 1 row, ca. 1 cm, rigid, scabridulous; inner pappus elements much shorter, ciliate to inconspicuously arachnoid. Fl. and fr. Jun-Jul. 2n = 22.
Mountain slopes; ca. 2300 m. Xinjiang (Tian Shan) [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe].
Centaurea benedicta is native to N Africa, C and SW Asia, and Europe but has become naturalized in other areas.Centaurea benedicta is native to N Africa, C and SW Asia, and Europe but has become naturalized in other areas.
别名：blessed thistle;洋飞廉;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：藏掖花属 Cnicus
1. 藏掖花（新拟）图版3: 14; 38: 2
Cnicus benedictus L., Sp. Pl. 826, 1753; DC., Prodr. 6: 606, 1837; Ldb., Fl. Ross. 2:713, 1845-1846; Reich., Icon. Fl. Germ. et Helver. tab. 748, 1853; O. Hoffm. in Pflanzenfam. 4(5): 333, 1893; Iljin in Fl. URSS 28: 587, 1963——Centaurea benedicta L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1296. 1763——Carbenia benedicta Benth. in Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 482, 1873.
一年生草本，高30厘米，通常自基部分枝，无明显的主茎，分枝通常等长。全部分枝被稠密的多细胞长或短节毛。中下部茎叶或大部茎叶羽状浅裂或深裂，全部裂片三角形或长椭圆状三角形或长椭圆形；上部茎叶披针形，不分裂。全部叶两面绿色，质地薄，两面被多细胞长或短节毛及头状无柄的腺点，裂片及叶边缘有针刺及凹缺状锯齿。头状花序少数或多数生茎枝顶端，为披针形苞叶所包绕。总苞卵球形，直径2.5厘米。总苞片约5层，外层卵形，长1厘米，宽5毫米，顶端急尖成长3毫米的细针刺，针刺被多细胞长节毛；中层长椭圆形或椭圆状披针形或披针形，长1.5厘米，宽3-6毫米，边缘膜质，顶端急尖成长针刺，针刺被刺毛，栉齿状；最内层宽线形，长近2厘米，宽2.5毫米，顶端有短针刺，不明显栉齿状。边花白色，无性，花冠细丝状，盘花两性，花冠管状，细管部长1厘米，簷部长1.5厘米，不等2-4裂，瘦果圆柱状，无毛，长6毫米，宽2毫米，褐色，有多数平行的细尖肋，细尖肋约20条，顶端有果缘，果缘边缘有锯齿。冠毛坚硬，2列，刚毛状，外列冠毛刚毛10-14根，深褐色，边缘不明显锯齿状，长1.1-1.2厘米，内列冠毛刚毛约12根，长3.5-4毫米，被蛛丝状毛。花果期6-7月。
分布新疆（天山等地区）。也广布欧洲、地中海地区、苏联中亚地区及印度次大陆。近年来我国各大植物园及药物园都有广泛栽培。全草药用，有健胃作用。模式标本采自西欧。
形态特征：年生草本，高30厘米，通常自基部分枝，无明显的主茎，分枝通常等长。全部分枝被稠密的多细胞长或短节毛。中下部茎叶或大部茎叶羽状浅裂或深裂，全部裂片三角形或长椭圆状三角形或长椭圆形；上部茎叶披针形，不分裂。全部叶两面绿色，质地薄，两面被多细胞长或短节毛及头状无柄的腺点，裂片及叶边缘有针刺及凹缺状锯齿。头状花序少数或多数生茎枝顶端，为披针形苞叶所包绕。总苞卵球形，直径2．5厘米。总苞片约5层，外层卵形，长1厘米，宽5毫米，顶端急尖成长3毫米的细针刺，针刺被多细胞长节毛；中层长椭圆形成椭圆状披针形或披针形，长1，5厘米，宽3—6毫米，边缘膜质，顶端急尖成长针刺，针刺被刺毛，栉齿状；最内层宽线形，长近2厘米，宽2．5毫米，顶端有短针刺，不明显栉齿状。边花白色，无性，花冠细丝状，盘花两性，花冠管状，细管部长1厘米，簷部长1．5厘米，不等2—4裂，瘦果圆柱状，无毛，长6毫米，宽2毫米，褐色，有多数平行的细尖肋，细尖肋约20条，顶端有果缘，果缘边缘有锯齿。冠毛坚硬，2列，刚毛状，外列冠毛刚毛10—14根，深褐色，边缘不明显锯齿状，长1．1—1．2厘米，内列冠毛刚毛约12根。长3．5—4毫米，被蛛丝状毛。花果期6—7月。
用 途：全草药用，有健胃作用。模式标本采自西欧。
产地分布：分布新疆(天山等地区)。也广布欧洲、地中海地区、苏联中亚地区及印度次大陆。近年来我国各大植物园及药物园都有广泛栽培。
参考文献：Cnicus heneclictus L·，SP．P1．826，1753；DC·，Prodr．6：606，1837；Ldb·，F1． Ross．2：713，1845一1846；Reich·，Icon．F1．Germ．Et Helver．Tab．748，1851；O．Hoffm． In Pflanzenfam. 4(5)：333，1893；Iljin in F1．URSS 28：587，1963---Centaurea benedi- cta L·，Sp．Pl．ed．2．1296．1763---Carbenia benedieta Benth．In Benth．Et Hook．F·， Gen．P1．2：482，1873．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Centaurea benedicta (Linnaeus) Linnaeus Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1296. 1763.
藏掖花 cang ye hua
Cnicus benedictus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 826. 1753.
Herbs 5-50 cm tall, annual. Stem erect, usually divaricately branched; stem and branches densely setiferous. Leaves setiferous pubescent with multicellular hairs, pinnatilobed or pinnatifid, prominently reticulate-veined especially on abaxial side, margin spinose to spinosely toothed. Basal leaves petiolate; leaf blade oblong, ca. 30 × 8 cm, runcinate to pinnatifid, often withered at anthesis. Lower and middle stem leaves petiolate; petiole winged; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, decreasing in size upward, pinnatilobed or pinnatipartite, base attenuate; lobes triangular, narrowly elliptic-triangular, or narrowly elliptic. Upper stem leaves sessile, base amplexicaul and shortly decurrent onto stem. Uppermost leaves exceeding capitula. Capitula few to several, rarely 1, solitary at end of stem and branches, concealed by subtending leaves. Involucre ovoid, ca. 2 cm in diam. Phyllaries imbricate, in 4 or 5 rows; outer phyllaries ovate, ca. 10 × 5 mm, leaflike, apex acute and tipped with a 3-6 mm spine; middle phyllaries elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, ca. 15 × 3-6 mm, apex with a rigid pectinately divided spine; inner phyllaries broadly linear, ca. 20 × 2.5 mm. Sterile florets filiform. Corolla pale yellow. Achene cylindric, ca. 8 mm, conspicuously many ribbed, glabrous, apex with a denticulate rim. Outer pappus elements in 1 row, ca. 1 cm, rigid, scabridulous; inner pappus elements much shorter, ciliate to inconspicuously arachnoid. Fl. and fr. Jun-Jul. 2n = 22.
Mountain slopes; ca. 2300 m. Xinjiang (Tian Shan) [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe].
Centaurea benedicta is native to N Africa, C and SW Asia, and Europe but has become naturalized in other areas.Centaurea benedicta is native to N Africa, C and SW Asia, and Europe but has become naturalized in other areas.
