大花金挖耳Carpesium macrocephalum Franch. et Sav.
大花金挖耳Carpesium macrocephalum Franch. et Sav.
1. 大花金挖耳（东北植物检索表）香油罐、千日草、神灵草、仙草（东北）
Carpesium macrocephalum Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2. 405. 1879; Winkl. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 14: 57. 1895; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 17. 1911; Kitamura in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 13: 272. 1937; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表, 380. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 483. 图6384. 1975. ——C. eximum Winkl., l. c. 58. 1895.
多年生草本。茎高60-140厘米，基部直径6-9毫米，有纵条纹，被卷曲短柔毛，中上部分枝。茎叶于花前枯萎，基下部叶大，具长柄，柄长15-18厘米，具狭翅，向叶基部渐宽，叶片广卵形至椭圆形，长15-20厘米，宽10-15厘米，先端锐尖，基部骤然收缩成楔形，下延，边缘具粗大不规整的重牙齿，齿端有腺体状胼胝，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色，两面均被短柔毛，沿叶脉较密，侧脉在叶基部与中肋几成直角，在中上部则弯拱上升，中部叶椭圆形至倒卵状椭圆形，先端锐尖，中部以下收缩渐狭，无柄，基部略呈耳状，半抱茎，上部叶长圆状披针形，两端渐狭。头状花序单生于茎端及枝端，开花时下垂；苞叶多枚，椭圆形至披针形，长2-7厘米，叶状，边缘有锯齿。总苞盘状，直径2.5-3.5厘米，长8-10毫米，外层苞片叶状，披针形，长1.5-2厘米，宽5-9毫米，先端锐尖，两面密被短柔毛，中层长圆状条形，较外层稍短，先端草质，锐尖，被柔毛，下部干膜质，无毛，内层匙状条形，干膜质。两性花筒状，长4-5毫米，向上稍宽，冠檐5齿裂，花药基部箭形，具撕裂状的长尾，雌花较短，长3-3.5毫米。瘦果长5-6毫米。
产东北、华北、陕西、甘肃南部和四川北部。生于山坡灌丛及混交林边。日本、朝鲜、苏联远东地区均有分布。模式标本采自日本。
东北民间用作治吐血药服用。花及果实可提芳香油。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Carpesium macrocephalum Franchet & Savatier Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 405. 1878.
大花金挖耳 da hua jin wa er
Carpesium eximium C. Winkler.
Herbs, perennial. Stems flexuous, crisp pubescent, ca. 1 m tall, branch thickened below capitula. Leaves radical and cauline; radical leaves withering before flowering; lower cauline leaves winged petiolate, broadly ovate, 30-40 × 10-13 cm, shortly pubescent on both surfaces especially on veins, margin irregularly coarsely doubly toothed, apex acute; median leaves gradually smaller, obovate-oblong, abruptly narrowed in lower half, apex acute; upper leaves narrow, apex acuminate. Capitula terminal, on long peduncles; bracts linear or lanceolate. Involucre cupuliform, 8-10 × 23-30 mm; phyllaries 4-seriate, outer ones similar to bracteal leaves, median oblong-linear, densely pubescent, acute, inner linear-spatulate, 5.5-6 mm. Marginal florets many seriate, corolla tubular, ca. 3.5 mm, 5-lobed; disk corolla ca. 4 mm, 5-lobed. Achenes cylindric, 5.5-6 mm, beak ca. 1 mm, gland-dotted. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 40.
Moist humus in deciduous or mixed forests; 700-2300 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Russia].
别名：大烟锅草;野葵花;挖耳草;金挖耳;大烟袋锅草;大花金挖耳草;山黄烟;油菜;勾儿菜;千日草;山向日葵;神灵草;仙草;野黄烟;鹤虱;香油罐;
科名：菊科 Compositae
属名：天名精属 Carpesium
1. 大花金挖耳（东北植物检索表）香油罐、千日草、神灵草、仙草（东北）
Carpesium macrocephalum Franch. et Sav., Enum. Pl. Jap. 2. 405. 1879; Winkl. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 14: 57. 1895; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 17. 1911; Kitamura in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 13: 272. 1937; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表, 380. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 483. 图6384. 1975. ——C. eximum Winkl., l. c. 58. 1895.
多年生草本。茎高60-140厘米，基部直径6-9毫米，有纵条纹，被卷曲短柔毛，中上部分枝。茎叶于花前枯萎，基下部叶大，具长柄，柄长15-18厘米，具狭翅，向叶基部渐宽，叶片广卵形至椭圆形，长15-20厘米，宽10-15厘米，先端锐尖，基部骤然收缩成楔形，下延，边缘具粗大不规整的重牙齿，齿端有腺体状胼胝，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色，两面均被短柔毛，沿叶脉较密，侧脉在叶基部与中肋几成直角，在中上部则弯拱上升，中部叶椭圆形至倒卵状椭圆形，先端锐尖，中部以下收缩渐狭，无柄，基部略呈耳状，半抱茎，上部叶长圆状披针形，两端渐狭。头状花序单生于茎端及枝端，开花时下垂；苞叶多枚，椭圆形至披针形，长2-7厘米，叶状，边缘有锯齿。总苞盘状，直径2.5-3.5厘米，长8-10毫米，外层苞片叶状，披针形，长1.5-2厘米，宽5-9毫米，先端锐尖，两面密被短柔毛，中层长圆状条形，较外层稍短，先端草质，锐尖，被柔毛，下部干膜质，无毛，内层匙状条形，干膜质。两性花筒状，长4-5毫米，向上稍宽，冠檐5齿裂，花药基部箭形，具撕裂状的长尾，雌花较短，长3-3.5毫米。瘦果长5-6毫米。
产东北、华北、陕西、甘肃南部和四川北部。生于山坡灌丛及混交林边。日本、朝鲜、苏联远东地区均有分布。模式标本采自日本。
东北民间用作治吐血药服用。花及果实可提芳香油。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Carpesium macrocephalum Franchet & Savatier Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 405. 1878.
大花金挖耳 da hua jin wa er
Carpesium eximium C. Winkler.
Herbs, perennial. Stems flexuous, crisp pubescent, ca. 1 m tall, branch thickened below capitula. Leaves radical and cauline; radical leaves withering before flowering; lower cauline leaves winged petiolate, broadly ovate, 30-40 × 10-13 cm, shortly pubescent on both surfaces especially on veins, margin irregularly coarsely doubly toothed, apex acute; median leaves gradually smaller, obovate-oblong, abruptly narrowed in lower half, apex acute; upper leaves narrow, apex acuminate. Capitula terminal, on long peduncles; bracts linear or lanceolate. Involucre cupuliform, 8-10 × 23-30 mm; phyllaries 4-seriate, outer ones similar to bracteal leaves, median oblong-linear, densely pubescent, acute, inner linear-spatulate, 5.5-6 mm. Marginal florets many seriate, corolla tubular, ca. 3.5 mm, 5-lobed; disk corolla ca. 4 mm, 5-lobed. Achenes cylindric, 5.5-6 mm, beak ca. 1 mm, gland-dotted. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep-Oct. 2n = 40.
Moist humus in deciduous or mixed forests; 700-2300 m. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Russia].
