细竹篙草Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan
细竹篙草Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan
18.细竹篙草（广州植物志）书带水竹叶（广西）图版27：5-6
Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan in Kew Bull. 186. 1952; Hong in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 12 (4); 474. 1974;中国高等植物图鉴5: 399.图7628. 1975. ——Commelina simplex Vahl, Enum. 2: 177. 1806. ——C. sinica (Ker-Gawl. ) Roem. et Schult. , Syst. Veg. Mant. 1 Addend., 376. 1822. ——C. longifolia (Hook.) Spreng,, Syst. Veg. (cura post. ) : 25. 1827. ——C. hookeri Dietr. , Sp. Pl. 2: 404. 1833, nom. illegit. ——Aneilema sinicum ("sinica") Ker-Gawl. in Bot. Reg. 8: Pl. 659. 1822; C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. 3: 212. 1881.——A. longifolium Hook. , Exot. Fl. 3. tab. 204. 1827. ——A. simplex (Vahl) C. B. Clarke, l. c.; 海南植物志4: 72. 1977.——A. giganteum auct. non (Vahl) R. Br.: C. B. Clarke, l. c., p. p.——Aneilema cavaleriei Levl. et Vant. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Math. Cherb. 35: 389, 1906. ——Murdannia sinica (Ker-Gawl. ) Bruckn. in Engl. et Prand, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a: 173. 1930.
多年生草本，全体近无毛。根须状，多条等粗，粗壮，直径2-3毫米，密被长绒毛。主茎不育，短缩，有丛生而长的叶，可育茎由主茎基部发出，单支或2-4支，通常直立，有时上升，高达50厘米。叶在主茎上的丛生，禾叶状，长15-35厘米，宽0.6-1.5厘米；在可育茎上的叶常仅2-3枚，有时多枚，下部的较长，长可达12厘米，上部的较短，有时长仅1厘米。蝎尾状聚伞花序数个，组成顶生狭圆锥花序，整个花序长约5厘米；聚伞花序短，长至2厘米；总苞片膜质，早落，卵形或卵状披针形，长不过1厘米；花序梗很短，长至1厘米。花在花蕾时下垂，花后上升；苞片早落，约与萼片等长；花梗在果期长约5毫米，伸直；萼片浅舟状，长约4毫米；花瓣紫色；能育雄蕊2枚，退化雄蕊3枚，花丝被长须毛。蒴果卵圆状三棱形，长4-5毫米。种子褐黑色，具多数白色瘤点，瘤点成以胚盖为中心的辐射状排列。花期4-9月。
产广东（罗浮山、广州、从化）、香港、海南（崖县）、广西（梧州、昭平、贵县、桂林、鹿寨、宁明、南宁、百色、邕宁、田阳、来宾、平乐）、云南（富宁、砚山、思茅、西双版纳、临沧）、贵州（兴仁、兴义、望谟、安龙）、四川（德昌、汉源、越西、普格）。生于海拔2 700米以下的林下、沼地或湿润的草地、水田边。非洲东部、印度至印度尼西亚也有分布。模式标本采自非洲东部。
在双籽组中本种以根很粗壮、可育茎直立或上升，节上不生根明显与其他种有别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan
细竹篙草 xi zhu gao cao
Commelina simplex Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 177. 1805; Aneilema sinicum Ker Gawler.
Herbs perennial. Roots fibrous, robust, 2--3 mm in diam., densely lanate. Rhizomes absent. Main stem undeveloped, short, with basal, rosulate leaves; fertile stems 2--4 arising from base of main stems, usually erect, sometimes ascending, to 50 cm. Basal leaves with sheath hirsute only on 1 side; blade linear, 15--35 × 0.6--1.5 cm, glabrous. Cauline leaves often 2 or 3, rarely more; proximal leaf blades to 12 cm, distal ones shorter, sometimes only ca. 10 mm, glabrous. Cincinni several, to 2 cm, forming narrow panicles ca. 5 cm; peduncle ca. 10 mm; involucral bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, less than 10 mm, membranous, caducous; bracts subequaling sepals, caducous; flowers pendulous in bud, ascending at anthesis; pedicels straight, ca. 5 mm in fruit. Sepals elliptic, 4--5 mm. Petals purple, obovate-orbicular. Fertile stamens 2; filaments bearded; staminodes 3; antherodes 3-sect. Capsule ovoid-globose, trigonous, 4--5 mm. Seeds 2 per valve, brown-black, white radiate verrucose. Fl. Apr--Sep.
Forests, marshes, humid grasslands; near sea level to 2700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, SW Guizhou, S Hainan (Sanya), C and SW Sichuan, S and W Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; E Africa].
别名：细叶水竹叶;田蒿草;鸡冠参;红韭菜;十二妹;十二娘;书带水竹草;田篙草;土牛膝;细叶蒿草;云茅草;细竹筒草;斑茅胆草;土牛七;细竹嵩草;书带水竹叶;土洋参;细叶篙草;细竹蒿草;土知母;
科名：鸭跖草科 Commelinaceae
属名：水竹叶属 Murdannia
18.细竹篙草（广州植物志）书带水竹叶（广西）图版27：5-6
Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan in Kew Bull. 186. 1952; Hong in Act. Phytotax. Sin. 12 (4); 474. 1974;中国高等植物图鉴5: 399.图7628. 1975. ——Commelina simplex Vahl, Enum. 2: 177. 1806. ——C. sinica (Ker-Gawl. ) Roem. et Schult. , Syst. Veg. Mant. 1 Addend., 376. 1822. ——C. longifolia (Hook.) Spreng,, Syst. Veg. (cura post. ) : 25. 1827. ——C. hookeri Dietr. , Sp. Pl. 2: 404. 1833, nom. illegit. ——Aneilema sinicum ("sinica") Ker-Gawl. in Bot. Reg. 8: Pl. 659. 1822; C. B. Clarke in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. 3: 212. 1881.——A. longifolium Hook. , Exot. Fl. 3. tab. 204. 1827. ——A. simplex (Vahl) C. B. Clarke, l. c.; 海南植物志4: 72. 1977.——A. giganteum auct. non (Vahl) R. Br.: C. B. Clarke, l. c., p. p.——Aneilema cavaleriei Levl. et Vant. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Math. Cherb. 35: 389, 1906. ——Murdannia sinica (Ker-Gawl. ) Bruckn. in Engl. et Prand, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a: 173. 1930.
多年生草本，全体近无毛。根须状，多条等粗，粗壮，直径2-3毫米，密被长绒毛。主茎不育，短缩，有丛生而长的叶，可育茎由主茎基部发出，单支或2-4支，通常直立，有时上升，高达50厘米。叶在主茎上的丛生，禾叶状，长15-35厘米，宽0.6-1.5厘米；在可育茎上的叶常仅2-3枚，有时多枚，下部的较长，长可达12厘米，上部的较短，有时长仅1厘米。蝎尾状聚伞花序数个，组成顶生狭圆锥花序，整个花序长约5厘米；聚伞花序短，长至2厘米；总苞片膜质，早落，卵形或卵状披针形，长不过1厘米；花序梗很短，长至1厘米。花在花蕾时下垂，花后上升；苞片早落，约与萼片等长；花梗在果期长约5毫米，伸直；萼片浅舟状，长约4毫米；花瓣紫色；能育雄蕊2枚，退化雄蕊3枚，花丝被长须毛。蒴果卵圆状三棱形，长4-5毫米。种子褐黑色，具多数白色瘤点，瘤点成以胚盖为中心的辐射状排列。花期4-9月。
产广东（罗浮山、广州、从化）、香港、海南（崖县）、广西（梧州、昭平、贵县、桂林、鹿寨、宁明、南宁、百色、邕宁、田阳、来宾、平乐）、云南（富宁、砚山、思茅、西双版纳、临沧）、贵州（兴仁、兴义、望谟、安龙）、四川（德昌、汉源、越西、普格）。生于海拔2 700米以下的林下、沼地或湿润的草地、水田边。非洲东部、印度至印度尼西亚也有分布。模式标本采自非洲东部。
在双籽组中本种以根很粗壮、可育茎直立或上升，节上不生根明显与其他种有别。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 24 (2000)
Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan
细竹篙草 xi zhu gao cao
Commelina simplex Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 177. 1805; Aneilema sinicum Ker Gawler.
Herbs perennial. Roots fibrous, robust, 2--3 mm in diam., densely lanate. Rhizomes absent. Main stem undeveloped, short, with basal, rosulate leaves; fertile stems 2--4 arising from base of main stems, usually erect, sometimes ascending, to 50 cm. Basal leaves with sheath hirsute only on 1 side; blade linear, 15--35 × 0.6--1.5 cm, glabrous. Cauline leaves often 2 or 3, rarely more; proximal leaf blades to 12 cm, distal ones shorter, sometimes only ca. 10 mm, glabrous. Cincinni several, to 2 cm, forming narrow panicles ca. 5 cm; peduncle ca. 10 mm; involucral bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, less than 10 mm, membranous, caducous; bracts subequaling sepals, caducous; flowers pendulous in bud, ascending at anthesis; pedicels straight, ca. 5 mm in fruit. Sepals elliptic, 4--5 mm. Petals purple, obovate-orbicular. Fertile stamens 2; filaments bearded; staminodes 3; antherodes 3-sect. Capsule ovoid-globose, trigonous, 4--5 mm. Seeds 2 per valve, brown-black, white radiate verrucose. Fl. Apr--Sep.
Forests, marshes, humid grasslands; near sea level to 2700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, SW Guizhou, S Hainan (Sanya), C and SW Sichuan, S and W Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; E Africa].
