鸡蛋参Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz
鸡蛋参Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz
39. 鸡蛋参（中国高等植物图鉴）
Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz, Journ. Bot. 11: 195. 1873; Oliv., Hook. Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2385, 1895; Kom., Act. Hort. Petrop. 29: 102. 1908; Chipp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 389, 1908, p. p.; Prain, Bot. Mag. 134: pl. 8176, 1908; Tsoong, Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3 (3): 90. 1935.
茎基极短而有少数瘤状茎痕。根块状，近于卵球状或卵状，长2.5-5厘米，直径1-1.5厘米，表面灰黄色，上端具短细环纹，下部则疏生横长皮孔。茎缠绕或近于直立，不分枝或有少数分枝，长可达1米余，无毛或被毛。叶互生或有时对生，均匀分布于茎上或密集地聚生于茎中下部，被毛或无毛；完全无叶柄至有长达5.5厘米的长叶柄；叶片几乎条形至宽大而为卵圆形，叶基楔形、圆钝或心形，顶端钝、急尖或渐尖，全缘或具波状钝齿，质地厚而为纸质或薄而为薄纸质或膜质，长2-10厘米，宽0.2-10厘米。花单生于主茎及侧枝顶端；花梗长2-12厘米，无毛；花萼贴生至子房顶端，裂片上位着生，筒部倒长圆锥状，长3-7毫米，直径4-10毫米，裂片狭三角状披针形，顶端渐尖或急尖，全缘，长0.4-1.1厘米，宽1-5毫米，无毛，裂片间湾缺尖狭或稍钝；花冠辐状而近于5全裂，裂片椭圆形，长1-3.5厘米，宽0.6-1.2厘米，淡蓝色或蓝紫色，顶端急尖；花丝基部宽大，内密被长柔毛，上部纤细，长仅1-2毫米，花药长4-5毫米。蒴果上位部分短圆锥状，裂瓣长约4毫米，下位部分倒圆锥状，长约1-1.6厘米，直径8毫米，有10条脉棱，无毛。种子极多，长圆状，无翼，长1.5毫米，棕黄色，有光泽。花果期7-10月。
模式标本采自云南蒙自。
这是一个极其多型的种，曾被分为好几个种，但是这些类型之间并无相当明确的界限。有的类型占据独立的地理分布区，如 var. vinciflora 占据整个种分布区的西北部。而 var. pinifolia 则占据独特的生态，它生长于金沙江的干旱河谷里。
种中文名：鸡蛋参
种拉丁名：Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz
科中文名：桔梗科
科拉丁名：Campanulaceae
属中文名：党参属
属拉丁名：Codonopsis
国内分布：川,滇
海 拔：1000-3000
【药 名】：鸡蛋参
【拼 音】：JIDANSHEN
【来 源】：为桔梗科植物金线吊葫芦的根。
【功 效】：补肺益肾。
【主 治】：治肺虚咳嗽，体虚自汗，疝气，偏坠。
【性味归经】：甘苦，微温。①《昆明民间常用草药》：“甘，平，微腥。”②《云南中草药》：“甘微苦，微温。”入肺、肾二经
【用法用量】：内服：煎汤，0.5～1两；或炖肉服。
【别 名】：金线壶卢(《植物名实图考》)、补血草、牛尾参(《云南中草药》)
【药材的采收与储藏】：秋、冬采挖，洗净切片，晒干或鲜用。
【拉丁名】：Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz
【考 证】：出自《昆明药植调查报告》；《植物名实图考》：“金线壶卢，生江西建昌山中。硬根劲蔓，俱黑赫色。嫩枝细绿叶，柄长韧，叶本圆缺如马蹄，而末出长尖，中腰微凹，有似细腰壶户。”
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz J. Bot. 11: 195. 1873.
鸡蛋参 ji dan shen
Roots tuberous, ovoid-globose or ovoid, 2.5-5 × 1-1.5 cm. Stems twining, usually with a few branches, up to more than 1 m, glabrous. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite, evenly distributed along stems; petiole absent or to 22 mm; blade linear-lanceolate to ovate or deltoid, 2-10 × 0.4-3.5 cm, base cuneate, rounded, truncate, or cordate, margin entire, subentire, sinuous-crenate, or serrate, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate. Flowers solitary, terminal on main stems and branches; pedicels 2-12 cm, glabrous. Calyx tube adnate to ovary up to top, obconical, 3-7 × 4-10 mm, glabrous, 10-ribbed; lobes narrowly triangular-lanceolate, 4-11 × 1-5 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate or acute; sinus between lobes narrow, pointed or slightly obtuse. Corolla pale blue or blue-purple, rotate, 5-fid to near base; lobes elliptic, 1-3.5 × 0.6-1.2 cm, apex acute. Filaments slightly dilated and ciliate at base, 1-3 mm; anthers 4-5 mm. Superior part of capsule broadly conical, valves ca. 4 mm; inferior part obconical, 10-16 × ca. 8 mm. Seeds numerous, brown-yellow, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, wingless. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.
Forests, open woods, forest margins, thickets, grassy slopes, pastures, meadows; 1000-4600 m. W Guizhou, SW Sichuan, S and SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myanmar, Nepal].
Two of us (Lammers and Klein) do not agree with the broad treatment of Codonopsis convolvulacea adopted here, i.e., with C. forrestii, C. grey-wilsonii, and C. vinciflora treated as subspecies of C. convolvulacea, with C. limprichtii, C. efilamentosa, and C. mairei included in the synonymy of C. convolvulacea subsp. forrestii, and with C. limprichtii var. pinifolia included in the synonymy of C. graminifolia. Instead, based on our analysis of herbarium material including types, we recognize seven morphologically discrete entities. The nature of the differences distinguishing them suggests each is reproductively isolated from the others and so we treat them as species: C. convolvulacea (including C. forrestii var. heterophylla), C. efilamentosa, C. forrestii (including C. forrestii var. hirsuta), C. grey-wilsonii, C. limprichtii (including C. graminifolia and C. limprichtii var. pinifolia), C. mairei (including C. retroserrata), and C. vinciflora. We also recognize an eighth species, C. macrophylla Lammers & L. L. Klein, known only in cultivation but believed to be from Xizang. See Lammers and Klein (Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 51: 553-561. 2010). However, one of us (Hong) notes that the taxonomy of this complex has been extremely controversial in the past, with several different classifications having been proposed. Based on critical examination of all available specimens in BM, E, K, KUN, and PE and recent field observations in S and SE Xizang and NW Yunnan, the C. convolvulacea complex is found to be extremely variable, particularly in the length of the petioles and in the shape, texture, and margin of the leaf blades. Some characters, e.g., shape of leaf blade, are merely a polymorphism within populations, and the characters distinguishing C. convolvulacea, C. forrestii, C. grey-wilsonii, and C. vinciflora are variable within geographic regions but are not distinct.Two of us (Lammers and Klein) do not agree with the broad treatment of Codonopsis convolvulacea adopted here, i.e., with C. forrestii, C. grey-wilsonii, and C. vinciflora treated as subspecies of C. convolvulacea, with C. limprichtii, C. efilamentosa, and C. mairei included in the synonymy of C. convolvulacea subsp. forrestii, and with C. limprichtii var. pinifolia included in the synonymy of C. graminifolia. Instead, based on our analysis of herbarium material including types, we recognize seven morphologically discrete entities. The nature of the differences distinguishing them suggests each is reproductively isolated from the others and so we treat them as species: C. convolvulacea (including C. forrestii var. heterophylla), C. efilamentosa, C. forrestii (including C. forrestii var. hirsuta), C. grey-wilsonii, C. limprichtii (including C. graminifolia and C. limprichtii var. pinifolia), C. mairei (including C. retroserrata), and C. vinciflora. We also recognize an eighth species, C. macrophylla Lammers & L. L. Klein, known only in cultivation but believed to be from Xizang. See Lammers and Klein (Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 51: 553-561. 2010). However, one of us (Hong) notes that the taxonomy of this complex has been extremely controversial in the past, with several different classifications having been proposed. Based on critical examination of all available specimens in BM, E, K, KUN, and PE and recent field observations in S and SE Xizang and NW Yunnan, the C. convolvulacea complex is found to be extremely variable, particularly in the length of the petioles and in the shape, texture, and margin of the leaf blades. Some characters, e.g., shape of leaf blade, are merely a polymorphism within populations, and the characters distinguishing C. convolvulacea, C. forrestii, C. grey-wilsonii, and C. vinciflora are variable within geographic regions but are not distinct.
【拼音名】 Jī Dàn Shēn
【别名】 山鸡蛋、金线吊葫芦、牛尾参、补血草
【来源】 桔梗科党参属植物鸡蛋参Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz.，以根入药。秋季采挖，洗净晒干。
【性味】 甘、微苦，微温。
【功能主治】 补养气血，润肺生津。用于贫血，自汗，肺阴虚咳嗽，神经衰弱。
【用法用量】 0.5～1两水煎服或炖肉服。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
别名：白地瓜;珠子参;山鸡蛋;鸡旦参;牛尾参;补血草;金线吊葫芦;
科名：桔梗科 Campanulaceae
属名：党参属 Codonopsis
39. 鸡蛋参（中国高等植物图鉴）
Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz, Journ. Bot. 11: 195. 1873; Oliv., Hook. Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2385, 1895; Kom., Act. Hort. Petrop. 29: 102. 1908; Chipp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 389, 1908, p. p.; Prain, Bot. Mag. 134: pl. 8176, 1908; Tsoong, Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3 (3): 90. 1935.
茎基极短而有少数瘤状茎痕。根块状，近于卵球状或卵状，长2.5-5厘米，直径1-1.5厘米，表面灰黄色，上端具短细环纹，下部则疏生横长皮孔。茎缠绕或近于直立，不分枝或有少数分枝，长可达1米余，无毛或被毛。叶互生或有时对生，均匀分布于茎上或密集地聚生于茎中下部，被毛或无毛；完全无叶柄至有长达5.5厘米的长叶柄；叶片几乎条形至宽大而为卵圆形，叶基楔形、圆钝或心形，顶端钝、急尖或渐尖，全缘或具波状钝齿，质地厚而为纸质或薄而为薄纸质或膜质，长2-10厘米，宽0.2-10厘米。花单生于主茎及侧枝顶端；花梗长2-12厘米，无毛；花萼贴生至子房顶端，裂片上位着生，筒部倒长圆锥状，长3-7毫米，直径4-10毫米，裂片狭三角状披针形，顶端渐尖或急尖，全缘，长0.4-1.1厘米，宽1-5毫米，无毛，裂片间湾缺尖狭或稍钝；花冠辐状而近于5全裂，裂片椭圆形，长1-3.5厘米，宽0.6-1.2厘米，淡蓝色或蓝紫色，顶端急尖；花丝基部宽大，内密被长柔毛，上部纤细，长仅1-2毫米，花药长4-5毫米。蒴果上位部分短圆锥状，裂瓣长约4毫米，下位部分倒圆锥状，长约1-1.6厘米，直径8毫米，有10条脉棱，无毛。种子极多，长圆状，无翼，长1.5毫米，棕黄色，有光泽。花果期7-10月。
模式标本采自云南蒙自。
这是一个极其多型的种，曾被分为好几个种，但是这些类型之间并无相当明确的界限。有的类型占据独立的地理分布区，如 var. vinciflora 占据整个种分布区的西北部。而 var. pinifolia 则占据独特的生态，它生长于金沙江的干旱河谷里。
种中文名：鸡蛋参
种拉丁名：Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz
科中文名：桔梗科
科拉丁名：Campanulaceae
属中文名：党参属
属拉丁名：Codonopsis
国内分布：川,滇
海 拔：1000-3000
【药 名】：鸡蛋参
【拼 音】：JIDANSHEN
【来 源】：为桔梗科植物金线吊葫芦的根。
【功 效】：补肺益肾。
【主 治】：治肺虚咳嗽，体虚自汗，疝气，偏坠。
【性味归经】：甘苦，微温。①《昆明民间常用草药》：“甘，平，微腥。”②《云南中草药》：“甘微苦，微温。”入肺、肾二经
【用法用量】：内服：煎汤，0.5～1两；或炖肉服。
【别 名】：金线壶卢(《植物名实图考》)、补血草、牛尾参(《云南中草药》)
【药材的采收与储藏】：秋、冬采挖，洗净切片，晒干或鲜用。
【拉丁名】：Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz
【考 证】：出自《昆明药植调查报告》；《植物名实图考》：“金线壶卢，生江西建昌山中。硬根劲蔓，俱黑赫色。嫩枝细绿叶，柄长韧，叶本圆缺如马蹄，而末出长尖，中腰微凹，有似细腰壶户。”
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz J. Bot. 11: 195. 1873.
鸡蛋参 ji dan shen
Roots tuberous, ovoid-globose or ovoid, 2.5-5 × 1-1.5 cm. Stems twining, usually with a few branches, up to more than 1 m, glabrous. Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite, evenly distributed along stems; petiole absent or to 22 mm; blade linear-lanceolate to ovate or deltoid, 2-10 × 0.4-3.5 cm, base cuneate, rounded, truncate, or cordate, margin entire, subentire, sinuous-crenate, or serrate, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate. Flowers solitary, terminal on main stems and branches; pedicels 2-12 cm, glabrous. Calyx tube adnate to ovary up to top, obconical, 3-7 × 4-10 mm, glabrous, 10-ribbed; lobes narrowly triangular-lanceolate, 4-11 × 1-5 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex acuminate or acute; sinus between lobes narrow, pointed or slightly obtuse. Corolla pale blue or blue-purple, rotate, 5-fid to near base; lobes elliptic, 1-3.5 × 0.6-1.2 cm, apex acute. Filaments slightly dilated and ciliate at base, 1-3 mm; anthers 4-5 mm. Superior part of capsule broadly conical, valves ca. 4 mm; inferior part obconical, 10-16 × ca. 8 mm. Seeds numerous, brown-yellow, oblong, ca. 1.5 mm, wingless. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.
Forests, open woods, forest margins, thickets, grassy slopes, pastures, meadows; 1000-4600 m. W Guizhou, SW Sichuan, S and SE Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, N Myanmar, Nepal].
Two of us (Lammers and Klein) do not agree with the broad treatment of Codonopsis convolvulacea adopted here, i.e., with C. forrestii, C. grey-wilsonii, and C. vinciflora treated as subspecies of C. convolvulacea, with C. limprichtii, C. efilamentosa, and C. mairei included in the synonymy of C. convolvulacea subsp. forrestii, and with C. limprichtii var. pinifolia included in the synonymy of C. graminifolia. Instead, based on our analysis of herbarium material including types, we recognize seven morphologically discrete entities. The nature of the differences distinguishing them suggests each is reproductively isolated from the others and so we treat them as species: C. convolvulacea (including C. forrestii var. heterophylla), C. efilamentosa, C. forrestii (including C. forrestii var. hirsuta), C. grey-wilsonii, C. limprichtii (including C. graminifolia and C. limprichtii var. pinifolia), C. mairei (including C. retroserrata), and C. vinciflora. We also recognize an eighth species, C. macrophylla Lammers & L. L. Klein, known only in cultivation but believed to be from Xizang. See Lammers and Klein (Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 51: 553-561. 2010). However, one of us (Hong) notes that the taxonomy of this complex has been extremely controversial in the past, with several different classifications having been proposed. Based on critical examination of all available specimens in BM, E, K, KUN, and PE and recent field observations in S and SE Xizang and NW Yunnan, the C. convolvulacea complex is found to be extremely variable, particularly in the length of the petioles and in the shape, texture, and margin of the leaf blades. Some characters, e.g., shape of leaf blade, are merely a polymorphism within populations, and the characters distinguishing C. convolvulacea, C. forrestii, C. grey-wilsonii, and C. vinciflora are variable within geographic regions but are not distinct.Two of us (Lammers and Klein) do not agree with the broad treatment of Codonopsis convolvulacea adopted here, i.e., with C. forrestii, C. grey-wilsonii, and C. vinciflora treated as subspecies of C. convolvulacea, with C. limprichtii, C. efilamentosa, and C. mairei included in the synonymy of C. convolvulacea subsp. forrestii, and with C. limprichtii var. pinifolia included in the synonymy of C. graminifolia. Instead, based on our analysis of herbarium material including types, we recognize seven morphologically discrete entities. The nature of the differences distinguishing them suggests each is reproductively isolated from the others and so we treat them as species: C. convolvulacea (including C. forrestii var. heterophylla), C. efilamentosa, C. forrestii (including C. forrestii var. hirsuta), C. grey-wilsonii, C. limprichtii (including C. graminifolia and C. limprichtii var. pinifolia), C. mairei (including C. retroserrata), and C. vinciflora. We also recognize an eighth species, C. macrophylla Lammers & L. L. Klein, known only in cultivation but believed to be from Xizang. See Lammers and Klein (Bot. Stud. (Taipei) 51: 553-561. 2010). However, one of us (Hong) notes that the taxonomy of this complex has been extremely controversial in the past, with several different classifications having been proposed. Based on critical examination of all available specimens in BM, E, K, KUN, and PE and recent field observations in S and SE Xizang and NW Yunnan, the C. convolvulacea complex is found to be extremely variable, particularly in the length of the petioles and in the shape, texture, and margin of the leaf blades. Some characters, e.g., shape of leaf blade, are merely a polymorphism within populations, and the characters distinguishing C. convolvulacea, C. forrestii, C. grey-wilsonii, and C. vinciflora are variable within geographic regions but are not distinct.
《全国中草药汇编》:鸡蛋参
【拼音名】 Jī Dàn Shēn
【别名】 山鸡蛋、金线吊葫芦、牛尾参、补血草
【来源】 桔梗科党参属植物鸡蛋参Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz.，以根入药。秋季采挖，洗净晒干。
【性味】 甘、微苦，微温。
【功能主治】 补养气血，润肺生津。用于贫血，自汗，肺阴虚咳嗽，神经衰弱。
【用法用量】 0.5～1两水煎服或炖肉服。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
