宽叶独行菜Lepidium latifolium Linnaeus
宽叶独行菜Lepidium latifolium Linnaeus
6. 宽叶独行菜（中国高等植物图鉴）
Lepidium latifolium L. Sp. Pl. 644. 1753; Hook. f. et Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 175. 1861; Hook. f. et T. Anders. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 160. 1872; N. Butch in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 515. 1939; J. de Carvalho e Vasconcellos in Fl. Europ. 1: 332. 1964; Hedge in Davis, Fl. Turk. 1: 284. 1965 et in Rechinger, Fl. Iran. 57: 68. 1968; Jafri, Fl. West Pakist. 55: 60. fig. 5C 1973; 内蒙古植物志2: 309. 图版162, 图1-11. 1979.
形态特征：多年牛草本，高30—150cm，全株浅灰绿色或浅绿色。直根系，入土深30—110cm，主要集中在20—30cm土层中。茎直立，上部分枝，无毛或疏被柔毛。基生叶和下部叶矩图形或椭圆形，长4—13Cm，宽2—5cm，先端钝，基部渐狭，边缘有粗锯齿，中部叶无柄，矩圆状披针形或卵状披针形，先端钝或尖，上部叶无柄，叶片较狭小。无毛，叶柄长2—6cm，总状花序顶生，较疏散，呈圆锥状，花小，白色，直径约1mm。短角果宽卵形或近圆形，氏1．5—3mm，无毛；利子椭圆形，淡褐色(图103)
地理分布：在我国，分布于东北、华北、西北和西藏，尼伯尔、印度、巴基斯坦、阿富汗，蒙古及俄罗斯也有。
生态特征：在海滨盐土或盐碱土上的伴生种有小果白刺(NitrariaSibrica)、藜(Chenopodiumalbum)、地肤(Kochiascoparia)、碱蓬(Suaedaglauca)、獐茅(Aeluropuslittoralisvar．Sin-ensis)二色补血草(Limoniumbicolor);在内陆盐碱土上的伴生补有萹蓄(Polygonumaviculare)、地肤、碱蓬、滨藜(Atriplexpatens)、灰绿藜(Chcnopodiumglaucum)等。
饲用价值：宽叶独行菜适口性中等，猪、羊采食，骡，马，驴 等大家畜不食。是滨海盐碱地较高大的饲用植物。在开花或花前期 刈割、放牧。产量80—100kg／ha。叶片肉厚，纤维少，鲜茎叶猪 喜食，可代件猪的配合饲料小的部分成分茎叶比较高(表103—2)。宽叶独行菜主要在幼嫩期利用，开花期干物质消化率达75％，花后随着成熟纤维素增加，可食性降低，其化学成分如表103—3。
栽培要点：经试验，将种子撒播子地表，能提高草丛的密度和增加盖度，并可改良盐碱地。撤播前可以耕翻，也可耙后撒种，一般土壤水分湿润山苗快、保苗率高。其他用途种子可入药。利水、祛痰、平喘、主治痰喘、浮肿等。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 8 (2001)
Lepidium latifolium Linnaeus
宽叶独行菜 kuan ye du xing cai
Lepidium affine Ledebour; L. latifolium subsp. affine (Ledebour) Kitagawa; L. latifolium var. affine (Ledebour) C. A. Meyer; L. latifolium subsp. sibiricum Thellung; L. sibiricum Schweigger (1812), not Pallas (1776).
Herbs perennial, (20-)35-120(-150) cm tall. Stems erect, many branched above, slightly woody at base, glabrous or pubescent, often glaucous. Leaves leathery; petiole of basal and lower cauline leaves 1-7(-11) cm; leaf blade elliptic-ovate or oblong, (2-)3.5-15(-25) × (0.5-)1.5-5(-8) cm, glabrous or pubescent with usually curved trichomes, base attenuate, margin usually serrate, apex obtuse to subacute. Upper cauline leaves subsessile or sessile; leaf blade elliptic-ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, 1-9 × 0.3-4.5 cm, base cuneate, not auriculate, margin serrate or entire, apex acute. Infructescence paniculate, ultimate branches subcapitate. Fruiting pedicels slender, 2-5(-6) mm, glabrous or rarely pubescent. Sepals deciduous, oblong or suborbicular, 1-1.4 × 0.8-0.9 mm, glabrous or pubescent, white at margin and apex. Petals white, obovate, 1.8-2.5 × (0.8-)1-1.3 mm, apex rounded; claw 0.7-1 mm. Stamens 6; filaments 0.9-1.4 mm; anthers ovate, 0.4-0.5 mm. Fruit oblong-elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or suborbicular, (1.6-)1.8-2.4(-2.7) × 1.3-1.8 mm, pubescent or glabrous, not carinate, wingless, base rounded; apical notch absent or obsolete; style obsolete. Seeds light brown, oblong-ovate, (0.8-)1-1.3 × 0.7-0.9 mm, compressed, wingless, finely papillate; cotyledons incumbent. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 24.
Fields, roadsides, slopes, saline meadows; 100-4300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, S Europe].
The above first record from Sichuan is based on Martin s.n., 30 May 1890 (LE). Forms with subsessile leaves and pubescent fruit are recognized as Lepidium latifolium subsp. or var. latifolium, whereas those with sessile leaves and glabrous fruit have variously been recognized as L. affine, L. latifolium var. affine, and L. latifolium subsp. sibiricum. However, such distinction is artificial, as plants with glabrous and pubescent fruit are often found in the same population.
别名：broadleaved pepperweed;止痢草;北独行菜;大辣辣;羊辣辣;乌日根-昌古;希古崔克;阔叶独行菜;光果宽叶独行菜;辣芥;
科名：十字花科 Brassicaceae
属名：独行菜属 Lepidium
6. 宽叶独行菜（中国高等植物图鉴）
Lepidium latifolium L. Sp. Pl. 644. 1753; Hook. f. et Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 175. 1861; Hook. f. et T. Anders. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 160. 1872; N. Butch in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 515. 1939; J. de Carvalho e Vasconcellos in Fl. Europ. 1: 332. 1964; Hedge in Davis, Fl. Turk. 1: 284. 1965 et in Rechinger, Fl. Iran. 57: 68. 1968; Jafri, Fl. West Pakist. 55: 60. fig. 5C 1973; 内蒙古植物志2: 309. 图版162, 图1-11. 1979.
形态特征：多年牛草本，高30—150cm，全株浅灰绿色或浅绿色。直根系，入土深30—110cm，主要集中在20—30cm土层中。茎直立，上部分枝，无毛或疏被柔毛。基生叶和下部叶矩图形或椭圆形，长4—13Cm，宽2—5cm，先端钝，基部渐狭，边缘有粗锯齿，中部叶无柄，矩圆状披针形或卵状披针形，先端钝或尖，上部叶无柄，叶片较狭小。无毛，叶柄长2—6cm，总状花序顶生，较疏散，呈圆锥状，花小，白色，直径约1mm。短角果宽卵形或近圆形，氏1．5—3mm，无毛；利子椭圆形，淡褐色(图103)
地理分布：在我国，分布于东北、华北、西北和西藏，尼伯尔、印度、巴基斯坦、阿富汗，蒙古及俄罗斯也有。
生态特征：在海滨盐土或盐碱土上的伴生种有小果白刺(NitrariaSibrica)、藜(Chenopodiumalbum)、地肤(Kochiascoparia)、碱蓬(Suaedaglauca)、獐茅(Aeluropuslittoralisvar．Sin-ensis)二色补血草(Limoniumbicolor);在内陆盐碱土上的伴生补有萹蓄(Polygonumaviculare)、地肤、碱蓬、滨藜(Atriplexpatens)、灰绿藜(Chcnopodiumglaucum)等。
饲用价值：宽叶独行菜适口性中等，猪、羊采食，骡，马，驴 等大家畜不食。是滨海盐碱地较高大的饲用植物。在开花或花前期 刈割、放牧。产量80—100kg／ha。叶片肉厚，纤维少，鲜茎叶猪 喜食，可代件猪的配合饲料小的部分成分茎叶比较高(表103—2)。宽叶独行菜主要在幼嫩期利用，开花期干物质消化率达75％，花后随着成熟纤维素增加，可食性降低，其化学成分如表103—3。
栽培要点：经试验，将种子撒播子地表，能提高草丛的密度和增加盖度，并可改良盐碱地。撤播前可以耕翻，也可耙后撒种，一般土壤水分湿润山苗快、保苗率高。其他用途种子可入药。利水、祛痰、平喘、主治痰喘、浮肿等。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 8 (2001)
Lepidium latifolium Linnaeus
宽叶独行菜 kuan ye du xing cai
Lepidium affine Ledebour; L. latifolium subsp. affine (Ledebour) Kitagawa; L. latifolium var. affine (Ledebour) C. A. Meyer; L. latifolium subsp. sibiricum Thellung; L. sibiricum Schweigger (1812), not Pallas (1776).
Herbs perennial, (20-)35-120(-150) cm tall. Stems erect, many branched above, slightly woody at base, glabrous or pubescent, often glaucous. Leaves leathery; petiole of basal and lower cauline leaves 1-7(-11) cm; leaf blade elliptic-ovate or oblong, (2-)3.5-15(-25) × (0.5-)1.5-5(-8) cm, glabrous or pubescent with usually curved trichomes, base attenuate, margin usually serrate, apex obtuse to subacute. Upper cauline leaves subsessile or sessile; leaf blade elliptic-ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, 1-9 × 0.3-4.5 cm, base cuneate, not auriculate, margin serrate or entire, apex acute. Infructescence paniculate, ultimate branches subcapitate. Fruiting pedicels slender, 2-5(-6) mm, glabrous or rarely pubescent. Sepals deciduous, oblong or suborbicular, 1-1.4 × 0.8-0.9 mm, glabrous or pubescent, white at margin and apex. Petals white, obovate, 1.8-2.5 × (0.8-)1-1.3 mm, apex rounded; claw 0.7-1 mm. Stamens 6; filaments 0.9-1.4 mm; anthers ovate, 0.4-0.5 mm. Fruit oblong-elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or suborbicular, (1.6-)1.8-2.4(-2.7) × 1.3-1.8 mm, pubescent or glabrous, not carinate, wingless, base rounded; apical notch absent or obsolete; style obsolete. Seeds light brown, oblong-ovate, (0.8-)1-1.3 × 0.7-0.9 mm, compressed, wingless, finely papillate; cotyledons incumbent. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 24.
Fields, roadsides, slopes, saline meadows; 100-4300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, S Europe].
The above first record from Sichuan is based on Martin s.n., 30 May 1890 (LE). Forms with subsessile leaves and pubescent fruit are recognized as Lepidium latifolium subsp. or var. latifolium, whereas those with sessile leaves and glabrous fruit have variously been recognized as L. affine, L. latifolium var. affine, and L. latifolium subsp. sibiricum. However, such distinction is artificial, as plants with glabrous and pubescent fruit are often found in the same population.
The seeds are used in Gansu and N Shaanxi for medicine.
【出处】
《中国沙漠地区药用植物》
【拼音名】
Kuān Yè Dú Xínɡ Cài
【别名】
大辣辣、止痢草
【来源】
为十字花科植物宽叶独行菜的全草。夏季采收，洗净，晒干或鲜用。
【原形态】
多年生草本，高0.3～1.2米。茎直立，中上部有分枝。叶长圆披针形或广椭圆形，先端短尖，基部楔形，边缘具稀锯齿，基部的叶具长柄，茎上部叶无柄，苞片状。总状花序排成圆锥状；花小，花瓣4，白色。果实扁椭圆形。种子宽椭圆形，扁平，光滑。
【生境分布】
生于田边、地埂、沟边、河谷。分布甘肃、青海、宁夏等地。
【性味】
微苦涩，凉。
【功能主治】
清热燥湿。治菌痢，肠炎。
【用法用量】
内服：煎汤，0.5～1两。
【备注】
本植物的种子在甘肃亦作葶苈子用，参见"葶苈子"条。
【摘录】
《中国辞典》
