播娘蒿Descurainia sophia (Linn.) Webb ex Prantl

别名：herb sophia;野芥菜;大蒜芥;抱娘蒿;(艹/麥)苈蒿;华东葶苈子;希热乐金-哈木白;葶力;象才那保;莪蒿;丁历;芝麻眼草;米米蒿;格扯;黄蒿;麦蒿;麦蒿儿;麦蒿子;葶苈子;麦里蒿;眉毛蒿;米蒿;相才那保;眉眉蒿;嘎希昆－含毕勒;苦葶苈;翁杠研;青蒿;线香子;南葶苈;黄花蒿;大适;艹/麥;布娘蒿;播娘篙;米蒿菜;腺毛播娘蒿;婆婆蒿;乔棍坦;抪娘蒿;甜葶苈;甜葶苈子;葶苈;南葶苈子;蜈蚣草;北葶苈子;

科名：十字花科 Brassicaceae

属名：播娘蒿属 Descurainia

《中国植物志》第33卷448页
  1. 播娘蒿（救荒本草）
  Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. ex Prantl in Engl. et Prantl Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (2): 192. 1891; O. E. Schulz in Engl. Pflanzenr. 86 (4. 105): 309. 1924; 江苏南部种子植物手册318. 1959; Jafri, Fl. West. Pakist. 55: 281. 1973; 内蒙古植物志2: 356. 图版190, 图5-9. 1918. ——D. sophia (L.) Schur. Enum. pl. Trans. 54. 1866; N. Busch in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 83. 1939; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 71. 图1871. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 377. 图322. 1974; 湖北植物志2: 49. 图748. 1979; 东北草本植物志4: 164. 图版96. 1980. ——Sisymbrium sophza L. Sp. Pl. 659. 1753; Hook. f. et T. Thoms. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 150. 1872; N. Busch, Fl. Sib. et Orient. Extr. 1: 148. 1913; 兰州植物通志291. 1962. ——D. sophia var. glabrata N. Busch in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 83. 1939. Syn. nov.
  一年生草本，高20-80厘米，有毛或无毛，毛为叉状毛，以下部茎生叶为多，向上渐少。茎直立，分枝多，常于下部成淡紫色。叶为3回羽状深裂，长2-12 (-15) 厘米，末端裂片条形或长圆形，裂片长 (2-) 3-5 (-10) 毫米，宽0.8-1.5 (-2) 毫米，下部叶具柄，上部叶无柄。花序伞房状，果期伸长；萼片直立，早落，长圆条形，背面有分叉细柔毛；花瓣黄色，长圆状倒卵形，长2-2.5毫米，或稍短于萼片，具爪；雄蕊6枚，比花瓣长三分之一。长角果圆筒状，长2.5-3厘米，宽约1毫米，无毛，稍内曲，与果梗不成1条直线，果瓣中脉明显；果梗长1-2厘米。种子每室1行，种子形小，多数，长圆形，长约1毫米，稍扁，淡红褐色，表面有细网纹。花期4-5月。
  除华南外全国各地均产。生于山坡、田野及农田。亚洲、欧洲、非洲及北美洲均有分布。模式标本采自欧洲。
  种子含油40％，油工业用，并可食用；种子亦可药用，有利尿消肿、祛痰定喘的效用。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 8 (2001)
Descurainia sophia  (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl
播娘蒿   bo niang hao
Sisymbrium sophia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 659. 1753.
Herbs annual, (10-)20-70(-100) cm tall, eglandular, sparsely to densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, sometimes glabrous distally. Stems erect, simple basally, often branched above. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves 2- or 3-pinnatisect, ovate or oblong in outline, to 15 × 8 cm; petiole 0.1-2(-3) cm; leaf blade ultimate division linear or oblong, entire, acute to 10 × 2 mm. Upper cauline leaves sessile or shortly petiolate, smaller and often with narrower ultimate lobes, often glabrous. Fruiting pedicels (0.5-)0.8-1.5(-2) cm, slender, much narrower than fruit, straight, divaricate or ascending. Sepals yellowish, oblong-linear, 2-2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm. Petals yellow, narrowly oblanceolate, 2-2.5 × ca. 0.5 mm; claw 1.5-2 mm. Filaments 2-3 mm; anthers ca. 0.5 mm. Ovules 20-40 per ovary. Fruit narrowly linear, (1.2-)1.5-2.7(-3) cm × 0.5-0.8(-1) mm; valves glabrous, torulose, with a prominent midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; style obsolete or to 0.2 mm. Seeds reddish brown, oblong, 0.7-1 × 0.3-0.6 mm. Fl. and Fr. Apr-Jun. 2n = 28*.
Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, fields, pastures, deserts; near sea level to 4200 m. Throughout China except Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sikkim, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Europe; introduced elsewhere].
The seeds are sometimes used as a substitute for mustard. Preparations from the plant are taken internally to eradicate worms, and externally to treat indolent ulcers.