圆锥南芥Arabis paniculata Franch.

别名：南芥;小花南芥;多花南芥;圆锥南荠;园锥南芥;四瓣花;四辨花;

科名：十字花科 Brassicaceae

属名：南芥属 Arabis

《中国植物志》第33卷268页
  13. 圆锥南芥（中国高等植物图鉴）图版73：5-9
  Arabis paniculata Franch. Pl. Delav. 57. 1889; T. Y. Cheo in Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 3: 18. 1949. ——Arabis alpina L. var. rubrocalyx Franch. pl. Delav 58. 1 889; Levl. Cat. Yunnan. 1916; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 364. 1931. ——Arabis alpina L. var. rigida Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 401. 1886. ——Arabis alpia var. purpurea W. Smith in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edino. 9: 195. 1919.
  二年生草本，高30-60厘米。茎直立，自中部以上常呈圆锥状分枝，被2-3叉毛及星状毛。基生叶簇生，叶片长椭圆形，长3-8厘米，宽1.5-2厘米，与茎生叶均为顶端渐尖，边缘具疏锯齿，基部下延成有翅的叶柄；茎生叶多数，叶片长椭圆形至倒披针形，长1.5-7.5厘米，宽10-25毫米，基部呈心形或肾形，半抱茎或抱茎，两面密生2-3叉毛及星状毛；无柄。总状花序顶生或腋生呈圆锥状；萼片长卵形至披针形，长2-3.5毫米，背面近无毛；花瓣白色，长匙形，长4-6毫米，基部呈爪状；柱头头状。长角果线形，长3-5厘米，宽约1毫米，排列疏松，斜向外展；果瓣具中脉，顶端宿存花柱短；果梗长约1.4厘米。种子椭圆形或不规则，长约1.2毫米，黄褐色，具狭翅，表面密具小颗粒而呈条纹状。花期5-6月，果期7-9月。
  产云南（洱源）、贵州（贵阳、威宁）。生于山坡林下荒地，海拔2500-2900米。模式标本采自云南洱源（浪穹）。
种中文名：圆锥南芥
种拉丁名：Arabis paniculata Franch.
科中文名：十字花科
科拉丁名：Brassicaceae
属中文名：南芥属
属拉丁名：Arabis
国内分布：产云南（洱源）、贵州（贵阳、威宁）。
海    拔：1300-3400
命名来源：(中国高等植物图鉴)[delav : 57.. 1889;]
英文植物志：8:115

【药 名】：圆锥南芥

【拼 音】：YUANZHUINANJIE

【来 源】：为双子叶植物药十字花科南芥属植物圆锥南芥的种子。

【功 效】：解表退热、清热泻火。

【主 治】：治外感风邪、热邪袭表、表气不透、发热、咳嗽、咽痒、流涕、脉浮数、风热外感症、治肺热咳嗽、咳黄痰等。

【性味归经】：辛，凉。肺、大肠二经。

【用法用量】：内服：煎汤服，9一15克。

【动植物资源分布】：分布于我国贵州和云南地区。

【拉丁名】：圆锥南芥 Arabis paniculata Franch.—A. alpinaL. Var. Purpurea W. Smith.

【考 证】：始载于《中国高等植物图鉴》。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 8 (2001)
Arabis paniculata  Franchet
圆锥南芥   yuan zhui nan jie
Arabidopsis mollissima (C. A. Meyer) N. Busch var. yunnanensis O. E. Schulz; Arabis alpina Linnaeus var. parviflora Franchet; A. alpina var. rigida Franchet; A. alpina var. rubrocalyx Franchet; A. paniculata var. parviflora (Franchet) W. T. Wang.
Herbs biennial or short-lived perennial, (10-)20-75(-110) cm tall, densely to sparsely hirsute, with stalked, forked or 3- or 4-rayed stellate trichomes mixed at least basally with varying amounts of simple ones. Stems erect, simple or few from base, often branched at middle. Basal leaves rosulate, present at anthesis; petiole often absent, rarely distinct and to 2.5 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, oblong, or lanceolate, (1-)2-6(-8) × (0.5-)1-2(-2.5) cm, base attenuate, margin dentate, serrate, or rarely entire, apex obtuse or acute. Middle cauline leaves sessile, oblong, ovate, or elliptic, rarely suboblanceolate, (0.7-)1.5-4(-6) cm × (2-)4-14(-25) mm, with stellate trichomes sometimes mixed adaxially with simple ones, base cordate or auriculate, rarely amplexicaul, margin dentate or entire, apex obtuse or acute. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, rarely ascending or slightly reflexed, (0.4-)0.6-1.8(-2.5) cm, slender, straight or rarely slightly curved. Sepals oblong or sublanceolate, 2.5-3.5(-4) × 1-1.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, not saccate. Petals white or rarely pale pink, oblong or narrowly oblanceolate, 4-6(-6.5) × 1-2 mm, apex obtuse. Filaments 3.5-5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.8-1 mm. Ovules 36-80 per ovary. Fruit (1.5-)2.5-5.5(-6.5) cm × 1-1.5 mm, erect or divaricate or rarely reflexed, not appressed to rachis; valves with a distinct midvein, torulose, glabrous; style 0.4-0.8 mm. Seeds brown, oblong or ovate, 1-1.3 × 0.7-0.9 mm, narrowly winged on distal half. Fl. and fr. Apr-Aug.
Waste areas, roadsides, grassy slopes, along ditches; 1300-3400 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Kashmir, Nepal].
The above first record from Xizang is based on C. Y. Wu et al. 75-548 (PE) and Ludlow & Sherriff 1699 (BM). The above first record from Nepal is based on Stainton, Sykes & Williams 1933 (BM, E), Malla 10717 (BM), and Shrestha & Bista 1923 (US). The above first record from Kashmir is based on Winterbottom 59 (K), which was cited by Jafri (Fl. West Pakistan 55: 177. 1973) as A. pterosperma. That species, however, is quite different from A. paniculata in having predominantly simple trichomes, erect fruit, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, with pedicels appressed to the infructescence rachis.

An examination of all of the type collections (including syntypes) of Arabidopsis mollissima var. yunnanensis, Arabis alpina var. parviflora, A. alpina var. rigida, A. alpina var. rubrocalyx, and A. paniculata clearly shows that they all represent minor variants of one species. Arabis alpina var. parviflora is here lectotypified on Delavay s.n., 29 Aug 1883 (P) because another of the three syntypes of this variety, Delavay 2758 (P), is a specimen of A. hirsuta.

The record of Arabis chanetii in FRPS is based on misidentified plants of A. paniculata. The holotype of A. chanetii is a specimen of Orychophragmus violaceus.

Although Arabis alpina was recognized in FRPS and some other provincial floras (e.g., Fl. Guizhou. 7: 30, 32. 1989; Fl. Sichuan. 4: 117-119. 1999; Fl. Yunnan. 6: 81-83. 1995) as a distinct species and/or as var. parviflora, all such records are based on plants of A. paniculata. True Arabis alpina is a strictly European species that does not grow anywhere in Asia. It is readily distinguished from A. paniculata by having strongly saccate lateral sepals, obovate petals (0.7-)1-2 cm, and broad fruit 1.5-2.5 mm wide. By contrast, A. paniculata has nonsaccate sepals, narrowly oblong-oblanceolate petals less than 0.8 mm, and narrower fruit rarely to 1.5 mm wide.